Beginner Essay

Is each of the following an absolute pathname, a relative pathname, or a simple filename? a) Mile_co b) Correspond/business/milk_co c) /home/max d) /home/max/literature/promo e) .. f) Letter. 0210 2. List the commands you can use to perform these operations: a. Make your home directory the working directory b. Identify the working directory a. cd; b. pwd 3. If your working directory is /home/alex with a subdirectory named literature, give three sets of commands that you can use to create a subdirectory named classics under literature. Also give several sets of commands you can use to remove the classics directory and its contents. 4. The df utility displays all mounted filesystems along with information about each. Use the df utility with the –h (human-readable) option to answer the following questions. $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/hda1 1. 4G 242M 1. 1G 18% / /dev/hda3 23M 11M 10M 51% /boot /dev/hda4 1. 5G 1. 2G 222M 85% /home /dev/hda7 564M 17M 518M 4% /tmp dev/hdc1 984M 92M 842M 10% /gc1 /dev/hdc2 16G 13G 1. 9G 87% /gc2 a. How many filesystems are mounted on your Linux system? b. Which filesystem stores your home directory? c. Assuming that your answer to exercise 4a is two or more, attempt to create a hard link to a file on another filesystem. What error message do you get? What happens when you attempt to create a symbolic link to the file instead? Following are sample answers to these questions. Your answers will be different because your filesystems are different. . six; b. /dev/hda4; c. ln: creating hard link ‘/tmp/xxx’ to ‘xxx’: Invalid cross-device link. No problem creating a cross-device symbolic link. 2 Answers to Even-Numbered Exercises 5. Suppose that you have a file that is linked to a file owned by another user. How can you ensure that changes to the file are no longer shared? 6. You should have read permission for the /etc/passwd file. To answer the following questions, use cat or less to display /etc/passwd. Look at the fields of information in /etc/passwd for the users on your system. . Which character is used to separate fields in /etc/passwd? b. How many fields are used to describe each user? c. How many users are on your system? d. How many different login shells are in use on your system? (Hint: Look at the last field. ) e. The second field of /etc/passwd stores user passwords in encoded form. If the password field contains an x, yo ur system uses shadow passwords and stores the encoded passwords elsewhere.

Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Essay

Microeconomics is a branch of economics which deals with the study of resource allocation decisions within the confines of the sub-segments of an economy such as households and business firms (Arnold, 2010). Central to this study is an examination of how prices of goods and services in a market influence their demand and supply. Macroeconomics on the other hand deals with the study of the nature of the economy as a whole; national, regional or a global economy (Agarwal, 2007). It deals with such issues such as GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and the influences of a larger economy such as employment and inflation. The main difference is thus the scope of study since it can be argued that microeconomics is a subset of macroeconomics. Another difference is that microeconomics focuses on consumers and businesses while macroeconomics deals with industries and nations (Arnold, 2007). Additionally, microeconomics deals with the forces of demand and supply in a market while macroeconomics studies the effect of such issues as interest rates, exchange rates and employment output on a national scale. Generally, microeconomic studies take a bottom-up approach while the macroeconomic studies take a top-down approach. An example of a microeconomic phenomenon would be on pricing policies. A company may want to know what price to charge for a product they are introducing to the market. This is a microeconomic decision since to answer such a question, knowledge of the nature of market and the economic forces prevailing in it is important. One would need to study in detail the demand and supply of the commodity, utility to the consumer, competition from other suppliers and other microeconomic factors before coming up with a pricing decision. The increase in oil prices in an economy is an example of a macroeconomic phenomenon. Such price changes may be influenced by various factors which can only be explained at a macroeconomic level. The reasons could be inflation in an economy, war or political instability in a particular region of the world. A microeconomic decision made at home would be a changeover to taking tea as opposed to coffee. This is informed by an increase in the prices of coffee with no change in the level of income. The factors influencing this decision are thus the price, cost, the income level and the availability of a substitute which is tea. This therefore leads to a consumer being cushioned against price increases which would otherwise affect his economic welfare. Macroeconomic factors prevailing upon an economy affect the operations of the sub-segments of the economy. This in turn would have an effect on the economic decisions made by consumers. The macroeconomic phenomenon of increase in oil prices in the world market coupled with inflation influenced a personal decision to buy a smaller car which is fuel economical as opposed to larger cylinder capacity vehicles which consume more fuel. Such larger capacity cars are a symbol of status but are fairly expensive to maintain in light of higher oil prices. This therefore has to be foregone in light of a benefit of reduction in cost. This has led to more savings by reducing on the budget on transportation. In summary, it can be said that microeconomics and macroeconomics are two major and indeed very important fields of study in economics. They are different but interrelated and interdependent since they have certain common objects of study. Both microeconomic and macroeconomic factors are key in decision making and thus the study of both is invaluable to understanding the operations of the economy. They provide necessary tools to the understanding the generation of revenue in the business operations of firms; and the economy as a whole. References Agarwal, V. (2007). Macroeconomics. New Delhi: McDraw-Hill. Arnold, R. (2010). Microeconomics. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Melvin, M., & Boyes, W. (2008). Microeconomics. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Â  

Candide and Free Will

Voltaire's Candide is a novel that is interspersed with superficial characters and conceptual ideas that are critically exaggerated and satirized. The parody offers cynical themes disguised by mockeries and witticism, and the story itself presents a distinctive outlook on life narrowed to the concept of free will as opposed to blind faith driven by desire for an optimistic outcome. The crucial contrast in the story deals with irrational ideas as taught to Candide about being optimistic by Pangloss, his cheerful mentor, versus reality as viewed by the rest of the world through the eyes of the troubled character, Martin.This raises the question of whether or not the notion of free will is valid due to Candide’s peculiar timing of his expression for it. Some readers might think that Voltaire's novel Candide suggests that belief in free will is absurd. However, a close reading of the text suggests that Voltaire does not deny free will altogether. Candide is in complete control of his actions and ideas during times when an agreeable reality poses not to be enough, which explores Voltaire’s message that true reality is the ability to identify the deficiency of human conventions.Candide’s journey to attain the balance between submitting his will completely to the opinions and actions of others and taking control of his own life through blind faith highlights the notion of free will throughout Voltaire’s novel. Throughout the novel, Voltaire represents mankind as being consumed by immediate personal problems. When the characters of Candide virtually have no troubles or dilemmas, Voltaire illustrates how they do not express their happiness and contentment for it, but rather portray their feelings of boredom and a desire to involve themselves within the complex social constructs of the world.In chapter eighteen when Candide and his valet Cacambo enter the glorious city of El Dorado, Candide expresses the city’s extravagance and how it i s incomparable to any other, even when compared to his overvalued Westphalia. Voltaire described â€Å"the public edifices raised as high as the clouds, the market places ornamented with a thousand columns, the fountains of spring water†¦which were paved with a kind of precious stone which gave off a delicious fragrancy like that of cloves and cinnamon† (45) to illustrate the decadence of El Dorado, and how it was virtually a utopia that no man could resist.However, Candide held enough free will within himself by opting to leave the splendor in order to â€Å"recover Miss Cunegonde† (46). This event solidifies some readers’ opinions that belief in free will is absurd, for Candide uses it for irrational and perverse means by hoping for a finer future. El Dorado serves as a symbol to Candide that there is more the world has to offer after having been taught that he was already living in the best of all possible worlds while in Westphalia.The fact that he came across such magnificence paradoxically influenced his choice to leave since he thought he could find better than El Dorado, which demonstrates the faults of human conventions about how Candide could not distinguish between true and optimistic realities when he already had quite possibly the best world right in front of him. Once again, this substantiates readers’ ideas that free will is outlandish and nonsensical. â€Å"If we abide here we shall only be upon a footing with the rest, whereas, if we return to our old world†¦we shall be richer than all the kings in Europe† (46).He is not aware of the ramifications of his actions, of his professed free will, and believes that only good things will come to him as a result of his foolish autonomy. Voltaire presents the characters as having emotional lives that shift between worries and boredom with almost no periods of prolonged happiness. Pangloss’ influence instructs Candide to submit to blind faith that the o utcome of all will be well, and that all events happen for a reason. â€Å"It is demonstrable that things cannot be otherwise than as they are; for all being created for an end, all is necessarily for the best end† (1).Under these assumptions Candide says, â€Å"There can be no effect without a cause [†¦] The whole is necessarily concatenated and arranged for the best† (6). This philosophy that everything is fated to be good omits the validity of free will that Candide later claims to have since he is man and therefore above the animal world, because no matter what man does in part to shape the entirety of his future, Candide was taught that the outcome is predestined to yield an optimistic and hopeful reality. The belief that everything happens for a reason and where the reason is good is incompatible with the act of free will.Therefore, any efforts of free will are futile because they cannot change the predetermined outcome, making its concept essentially nonexi stent. This logical cycle strengthens and endorses readers’ ideas that free will is incongruous with faith. Candide is a naive character that is in complete control of his ideas and actions despite the influence from others. In chapter two when he is captured by Bulgarians and given the choice between death and running the gauntlet, he groundlessly uses his free will to receive an intense degree of torture and anguish. He was asked which he would like the best, to be whipped six-and-thirty times through all the regiment, or to receive at once twelve balls of lead in his brain. He vainly said that human will is free, and that he chose neither the one nor the other† (4). Candide tries to argue that having free will meant not having to choose, because being a human retaining that free will meant he had the choice not to make a choice. However, his attempts are thwarted when he is forced to make a decision for his fate, where â€Å"he determined, in virtue of that gift of God called liberty, to run the gauntlet six-and-thirty times. He bore this twice† (4).During a time when death clearly presented itself as the unusual superior choice, Candide foolishly picked the lesser of the two options. By choosing â€Å"four thousand strokes, which laid bare all his muscles and nerves, from the nape of his neck quite down to his rump† (4), Voltaire proves to readers that having free will is an absurd notion. He reinforces readers’ ideas that preserving belief for free will only leads to self-destruction due to Candide’s imprudent use and inappropriate application of it. Voltaire’s Martin provides a slightly more realistic albeit largely negative slant of the world that readers can more easily identify with.Martin says that the world has been formed â€Å"to plague us to death† and that â€Å"it is a chaos – a confused multitude, where everybody seeks pleasure and scarcely any one finds it† (54-55). In chapt er 21, Candide asks Martin if he believes â€Å"that men have always massacred each other as they do to-day, that they have always been liars, cheats, traitors, ingrates, brigands, idiots, thieves, scoundrels, gluttons, drunkards, misers, envious, ambitious, bloody-minded, calumniators, debauches, fanatics, hypocrites, and fools† (55).Martin is deeply struck with pessimism, feeling the world is doomed to evil and destruction, and responds with a valid question as an answer: â€Å"Do you believe hawks have always eaten pigeons when they have found them? † (55) Martin’s insight to the fixed cycle of nature demonstrates how he perceives man’s nature to be just like one of beasts. Candide firmly counters and says â€Å"there is a vast deal of difference, for free will† (55) Candide, though easily influenced, senses that there is something more which exists between the contrasting worlds that both Pangloss and Martin have presented to him, which is free will.However, this claim is inconsistent with his belief that blind faith is the key to an optimistic reality, because once again, faith and free will are concepts that counteract and negate each other. At this point, readers’ opinions that free will is a meaningless and hollow notion is underpinned because of the fact that it is the only aspect that Candide cares to explore as the sole difference between man and animal that ultimately proves to be insignificant since man does not use it wisely or properly.In chapter two, Voltaire describes how â€Å"it was a privilege of the human as well as the animal species to make use of their legs as they pleased† to justify going for a walk (4). Here, Candide states that animals in fact have their own will to walk, which contradicts what he says to Martin in chapter 21on the discussion about what differentiates man from animal. Throughout Voltaire’s satirical novel Candide, readers are exposed to the two major themes reg arding fate and free will, and how each belief is exemplified through various hollow characters such as Pangloss, Candide, and Martin.Candide frequently wavers between the two beliefs, and Voltaire ultimately comes to the conclusion that people have free will and must shape their own future based on their actions in the present rather than pursuing the idea that blind faith driven by desire will lead to optimistic results. In the end, Candide achieves equilibrium by accepting that he must exist between spiritual devotion and unpredictability through free will, when he says, â€Å"we must cultivate our garden,† as Voltaire famously declares in the ultimate chapter (87).This seemingly superficial parody engages the reader and makes them reflect about whether or not free will is actually free will and what aspect of Candide is in control of it. Readers perceive how human nature is incapable of constant happiness because of how desire handicaps free will, and are ultimately made aware of how Candide must create his own reality based on action rather than blind faith.

Conceptualizing internationalization Strategy Case Study

Conceptualizing internationalization Strategy - Case Study Example cate that businesses internationalize, and are better placed to serve customers in countries oversees, and also gain novel ideas on products, services and business methodologies. This piece shall assess the case of Chabros International Group: A World of Wood as an international group and the challenges it has had in the course of carrying out business. According to Farah (2010), Chabros Group went through a downfall that saw a drop in its sales. With the help of the top management, there was need to revive the company immediately to avoid its collapse. Since the company had experienced losses in the countries that it had already ventured into, it would be important if the company tries to restart in another country, most preferably Morocco (Farah, 2010). This is for the reason that, in the countries that it had already operated the company was slowly losing its pride and fame as the leading producer. In an event that another company comes in to replace what it had already started, chance are that, the new company would make more sales and grab a huge percentage of the clients that Chabros had already won (Farah, 2010). This would be attributed to the fact that clients would have lost faith in Chabros and its consistent supply of products, and will probably try their luck in the new producing company. Morocco would be the best destination for Chabros Company to restart its operations. In the work compiled by Farah (2010), Morocco would be the best destination for Chabros to restart as it has minimal chances of facing local competition as there are few sellers of veneer, and there is a big market served by imports. The country is also not going through a recession, and its currency, Dirham, is linked to the Euro; thus, a reduction of Chabros exchange risks (Farah, 2010). With specialized technical know-how, capacity to consistently supply the market with quality products, well conversant with EU’s production measures and Morocco having a positive perception of

Discussion on C.P.Ellis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion on C.P.Ellis - Essay Example Later on in the passage, C.P realized that, people are not made up of their color and was even ready to work with a black woman (Lecture notes 8). This passage makes an individual to look at the factors that made him join the Ku Klux Klan. It also makes individuals understand why others have prejudice or become racist against other of people. This passage makes one understand that, the main causes of prejudices are psychological, and these includes frustration, low self-esteem, and a societal cause such as financial competition. These factors provide an explanation C.P. Ellis’ racial behavior. From these few descriptions, I agree with the C.P. Ellis, and the question that comes into my mind is that, why is racism and prejudices so persistent yet researchers know their roots? It is also ironical that Ellis’ wish for success not only directed him to Klansman but also molded him. Furthermore while in the group he discovered that the African people where ordinary people (596). Furthermore, the society also had white people from low-income group just like the black low-income people. The story provides a description of how he works with Ann on the assigned project. From the teamwork, Ellis’ discovered that he was doing something very important. Through his work, he got rid of inferiority complex. It is clear from the passage that inferiority complex can affect an individual’s self-esteem (596). It can either incite someone to have prejudices, or make someone not to have prejudices. Ellis’ frustrations were because of his poverty and he was not in a position to get out of the low c lass group of people, so he thought that by joining the Klansmen he would achieve the American dream. In fact, from the story we are told he even blames the black niggers for his economic situation. He says that If they did not have negroes in their schools, then they would not be having financial problems (596). He also adds

Voluntary cooperation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Voluntary cooperation - Essay Example Investment trusts are companies just like any other company as they issue share to raise funds from shareholders, and thereafter invest that money. The difference between normal trading companies, and investment trusts is that, they invest their money in the shares of other companies. Contrary, they invest in physical assets like mobile phone networks and factories. The problem with the investment trust is that sometimes they deviate from fundamental policy without the approval of the stakeholders. In addition, securities sold to companies by an affiliated person acting as the principal (Larkins 428). In investment advisory contract, there were failures in obtaining approval of the board of directors or stockholders. As it has been noted by the stakeholders, that there were omissions and failure to present financial information, they should put in place devices to regulate such omissions. The companies should make sure that they buy securities from the principals and not the affiliat ed persons. Voluntary cooperation enables minimization of risks of life. The free markets relieve risks as much as possible by providing security against aggression. They foster it by allowing people to invest whilst enacting the insurance policies that allow people to pool and abate risks. In addition, voluntary charity is available; this enables the donation of resources to those who are less secure. Financial crisis, revealed a fundamental weakness in the pre-crisis financial architectures for managing, preventing, and resolving crises in the financial global system.

Metal Toxicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metal Toxicity - Essay Example Metal toxicity of water may be defined as the dissolved metal concentration per unit volume of water. Various models have been developed to predict acute metal toxicity of water. Following are the most used and most satisfactory models used for acute metal toxicity prediction: To calculate water effect ratio first of all one solution is prepared in laboratory with known toxicity and average range of pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and specific conductivity is calculated. After that a water sample is collected from a site whose water effect ratio has to be calculated. Metal toxicity of the site water is calculated and the values of test from lab sample and site sample are used to calculate the ratio. Free ion activity model is based on the fact that there is always equilibrium between free metal ions in a solution. This model uses Ion characteristics to predict the relative toxicity effects of metal ions. Most ion characteristics that are useful in predictive modeling of metal toxicity reflect the binding tendencies of metals to ligands (Christopher P. Tatara, Michael C. Newman, John T. McCloskey, Phillip L. Williams). The concentration of metal ions in a solution depends upon various factors such as temperature and chemistry of water. Free ion activity model predicts the metal toxicity by directly measuring the metal ion concentration in water. This model is based on the assumption that organism only responds to the free-metal ion concentration in solution, regardless of the nature of the metal complexes present in water (J. Phycol, 2005). For example in case of AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) if the Cl- ion increase that that can be consumed by Ag+ ions the concentration of Cl- will increase in water and if the concentration of Cl- ions is lesser than that of Ag+ there will be more free Ag+ cations in the water. And if the extra Ag+ ions are not consumed by other anions available in water the Ag metal toxicity of water will increase. Biotic Ligand Model The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) use metal speciation and the protective effects of competing cations (+ve metal ions) to predict metal binding at a surface with possibility of acute metal toxicity (e.g. gill of a fish). A legand may be defined as chemical structures that bind with another chemical or metal. It is an effective and widely used model to determine acute metal toxicity of dissolved metals. It relies on the mathematical integration of interaction of trace metal or solution phase ligands with biotic ligands i.e. the living organism exposed to the toxicity. This model analyses the ligand's interaction with living beings (biotic ligands). Biotic legand model predict the toxicity of dissolved metal according to the quantity of metal deposited on the receptor living being. Following diagram shows conceptual biotic legand model. Fig: Conceptual Biotic Legand Diagram Biotic legand model of toxicity prediction clearly shows the effect of water chemistry variation on the toxicity of metal. Water chemistry which is characterized by the dissolved hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon-di-oxide

The socio-cultural, economic and environmental impact of mass tourism Essay

The socio-cultural, economic and environmental impact of mass tourism on Tokyo - Essay Example This paper presents fact-based analysis of the full gamut of the impact, mass tourism has on the functioning of Tokyo. Among the negative impacts of mass tourism in Tokyo are income inequality, class conflicts, social stress, cultural deterioration, deprivation of local people of access, ethical issues among others. Reformed tourism policies that promote appropriate resource allocation, investor and worker visitors, and conscious travel, should be adopted. There have emerged two opposing sides to the debate on whether mass tourism is good or bad. In particular, mass tourism is shrouded in quite a lot of controversies and debates with one side opposing and the other supporting mass tourism. The question many ask is whether mass tourism creates and increases exploitation or prosperity in the destination areas. By extension, questions are also raised about the possibility of responsible mass tourism and its effects on the culture, economy and environment of the destination areas. Those of the other side of the debate do not regard mass tourism as an exploitative activity; instead, eco-tourism holidays and package tours are viewed as forms of mass tourism that actually benefit local communities in destination areas. Mass tourism could really be great to local people and cultures, environment and economy if only the tourists respect the destinations local people and culture . In addition, host country and people must enjoy the opportunities of showing their unique economic, social and cultural practices and beliefs to their visitors (Totman, 2005). In addition, mass tourism should also expose the destination areas to the cultures of the visiting people. Tokyo, the capital city of Japan is one of the main tourism destinations in Asia, if not the entire world (Cullen, 2003). Hence, mass tourism affects life in Tokyo in one way or the other. The economic value of tourism in Tokyo soars well above 10 million Yen. Consisting of both local and foreign tourists, the main tourist attraction centres in Tokyo include but are not limited to entertainment districts, ubiquitous Japanese pop culture, stores and downtowns (Malm, 2000). The cultural districts of Shibuya and Harajuku come to mind when tourism in Tokyo is mentioned. In addition, museums such as the Tokyo National Museum, which is widely known for housing Japan’s artwork national treasures is a renowned tourist attraction, centre in Tokyo (Waley, 2007). Other attractions in Tokyo include Tsukiji Fish Market, the Senso-ji Temple, the Imperial Palace and the Meiji Shrine. That Tokyo is easily accessible via the Narita Airport and the Tokyo International Airport also makes it a

Freudian Approach to Personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Freudian Approach to Personality - Essay Example It considers the reality of the situation; but its main function is satisfying id. At the end of the phallic stage of development, when the child attains the age of approximately 5 years, super-ego develops due to the moral and ethical constraints placed on the individual by the parents or caregivers. Super-ego is the budding morality or the human conscience that dictates right and wrong and makes the individual hesitate from hurting others. Super-ego is the careful side of the growing child which will stand by it all its life and makes the child more responsible and sociable. Freud said that in a healthy person, ego remains the strongest, because it has to satisfy id, but it will not override super-ego and that makes the individual judgemental, moral, self-righteous, caring and considerate. He believed that at a conscious level, we experience feelings, emotions, desires, impulses and beliefs. He said most of what drives an individual is buried in the unconscious and the unconscious would keep affecting the individual all his life. The impact of the unconscious can never be ruled out and most of the individual's decisions are based on the unconscious. But the unconscious is buried and inaccessible meaning the individual knows only a small portion of his personality because most of it is not accessible. We are mainly aware of the conscious and not much of unconscious. Here, we are confronted with pre-conscious or subconscious or available memory. This is not actively conscious, but an individual can have an access to it whenever he wants, but to a limited extent, though he has to search for it. Sigmund Freud's theory is likened to an iceberg, because the conscious is a small part that shows above the surface, while the biggest unconscious cunningly stays below the surfac e and does not become visible at all. "Freud suggested that all our behavior is motivated by the desire to feel pleasure. That motivation is organized and directed by two instincts: sexuality (Eros), and aggression (Thanatos). Freud conceptualized both these instincts as being powered by a form of internal psychic energy that he called libido" http://intropsych.mcmaster.ca/intropsych/1aa3/Person/lec2-1.htm Allpsychonline - http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html Dr. Freud presented the best known theories of personality that have remained equally controversial. His stages of Psycho-Sexual development consisting of the Oral Stage (birth to 18 months), the Anal Stage (18 months to three years), the Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years), the Latency period (6 to puberty) and the Genital stage (puberty on) shocked the prudish late Victorian and other European societies. He said throughout life, a person tries hard to overcome and control many conflicts, mainly all psychological. ""For Freud life is principally concerned with the management of these conflicts with individuals attempting to maximise instinctual gratification while minimising guilt and punishment. Freud's approach has therefore, been described as a conflict management model of the inner world," Pearce (2003, p.2). According to him, instincts are the driving forces of personality and basic conflicts are individual instincts versus society's needs. He said all human behaviour is motivated by life instincts, and he called this motivational energy libido and called sex the most

Grand Hotel Scarborough Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Grand Hotel Scarborough - Essay Example This paper discusses the effects of free-thinking and development during this period by citing the multi-dimensional background of this historical landmark. The Grand Hotel is considered to be an important part of Victorian legacy since it was the first custom-built hotel in the whole of Europe. According to Wolff (2009), Europeans were growing wealthier due to the era of colonialism and the benefits realized through the Renaissance. The Grand Hotel was constructed to attract the richest vacationers with some of the latest luxuries of the day. The hotel was first constructed in 1863 at a time when the notion of sub-bathing was gaining widespread popularity. By 1867, the hotel had evolved into one of the world’s biggest luxury hotels and consisted of more than 370 guest rooms. Watkin (2007) says that the architecture of the hotel is truly Victorian in nature and was instrumental in popularizing it as an early holiday resort. Scarborough was a small-town sea resort for almost 25 0 years prior to the construction of the Grand Hotel. The first Spa in the town came up around 1626, when a stream of water containing acidic properties was discovered flowing down from the nearby cliffs. A hundred years later, visitors had the opportunity to have a dip in the sea and could sun-bathe on the shore. But it was not until the arrival of the modern railway during the 1840s that the number of visitors into the town multiplied manifold (Burton, 2008). More than seven million yellow bricks were used for the construction of this hotel and were prepared specially for this purpose in the nearby town of Hunmanby (Burton, 2008). The rise in tourist numbers presented a new business opportunity and prompted an architect named John Gibson to design a magnificent hotel that would be constructed on Scarborough’s South Cliff. The plan to build the world’s largest hotel was unveiled in 1845 and it was not until 18 years later that the hotel was deemed complete. According to Linstrum (2009), the hotel consisted of four large towers at each of its corners and represented the four seasons in a year. There were 12 floors denoting the 12 months in a year. By 1867, the hotel boasted of over 365 rooms signifying the number of days in a year. In fact, the hotel has a total of fifty-two chimneys, one for each week in a year. Hitchcock (2008) says that the time and care taken to construct this hotel projects the prevailing sentiment during the era that inspired achievement and perfection. Guests at the Grand Hotel were provided up to four taps to choose between fresh and sea water (both hot and cold). Kemp (2004) adds that the entire hotel was itself constructed in a ‘V’ shape to commemorate Queen Victoria. The Grand Hotel, together with other popular landmarks in Scarborough, was bombed severely during the First World War. However, it was restored back to its original glory in quick time. The Hotel suffered serious damage when the German Navy bo mbarded the entire coastline in Northern Yorkshire in 1914. Luckily, the attack happened during the off-peak season when there were very few guests in the hotel. Shells from German U-boats damaged the Grand Restaurant while several guestrooms suffered massive damage due to direct bombardment. The cost of refurbishing the hotel during those days was estimated at nearly ?10,000 (Gray, 2006). While the

Different Thinking Between Generations Essay Example for Free

Different Thinking Between Generations Essay Young people usually think differently than older people. Each generation doesn’t think the same way in their values, their goals, their fears, or their hopes. I always have to argue with my parents when we have different thinking. It seems that older people always think negatively about young people’s ideas. They don’t want to change because they have never experienced those ideas in their young life. I sometimes feel uncomfortable and misunderstand my parents’ thinking. In my idea, each generation has their own thinking about the subject as living together without marriage, studying at school, and living style. Older people are very strict about the topic: living together without marriage, but young people think that is the way to find out the best spouse for their life. For example, a woman was punished if she was caught that living with a man who wasn’t her husband. My parents think that is the bad girl. Everybody stayed away from her because she did the worst things ever in the social’ standards. Now is different because I think that is normal. Most of my friends are living with their boy/girl-friends in the same house nowadays. In the modern world, young people are more concentrating on finding their perfect half, so they live together before getting married to know each other well. I heard most couples were getting married with people arranged for them in the past. Now, we have freedom in thinking, so young people want to find their best spouses more than living with the person arranged from their parents. The difference in thinking about this subject always makes me to f eel argumentative with my parents. In the past, older people concentrated on studying at school, but young people don’t think they will successful in future by going to school only. For example, my parents and I always have differences in thinking about my studying. They always want me to finish my college quickly and get good grades to find a good job. I tried to convince them that most companies nowadays require more experience than a degree from college. I know the importance of getting business degree which will give me a shot to apply for a large corporation. If I don’t have any experiences in business, I can’t pass the job interview even I have good grade at school. In my parents’ time, the economy was stable and developed, so most of the companies wanted to hire more people. They cared about quantity more than quality, so they didn’t put many requirements for hiring employers. Now, time changes because the economic is going down to the lowest level. All of the companies are hiring only experienced and skilled employers. That is the reason for me to work and study half and half. My parents don’t realize that and they keep expecting me to finish my study to get a job. That is their only thinking, and we always have a fight every time when my parents talk about this subject, because of the difference in thinking between my parents and me. The biggest difference between young people and older people is living style. My parents and I have different thinking about using money for living. In my parents’ past, my country had a war and has just gotten independence since 1975. Everybody was poor and starveling, my parents worked hard to earn money when they were very young. They learnt that saving money is very important because they needed to survive during the country’s hard time. At my time, the country is developing and the society was improved. People make more money than before, but my parents still keep their own thinking that they should save money as much as they can. When I spend money on shopping, hanging out, or playing games, they blame me that I am wasting money. I explained many times that the country is developing, and my parents should spend more money to enjoy their life. They don’t think that is good idea and keep saying to me that I need to save money. In contrast, each generation has difference in thinking from each other in any subject. My parents always remind me to get a good wife and shouldn’t live with other girls if I don’t plan to marry her. They usually complain me that I should study hard and finish my study, and they often warn me to save money. In my opinion, I think differently because my parents’ thoughts are no longer suitable to the modern world.

Europe On The Eve Of World War I Essay Example for Free

Europe On The Eve Of World War I Essay World War I, or The Great War, actually started on June 28, 1914 upon the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, by a Serbian national. This led to a series of battles upon the eventual formation of the Central Powers made up of Germany, Austro-Hungary, the Turkish Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, and they fought against the Entente Powers made up of Russia, France and Great Britain. However, since â€Å"Europe stumbled unexpectedly into war in the summer of 1914,†1 the question remains as to which of the major countries that fought the First World War were most prepared in terms of economy and military strength and which were not. Britain Among the Entente Powers during WWI, Britain was actually considered â€Å"the greatest colonial power [and] maintained the greatest navy. †2 However, it is also a fact that during that time Britain â€Å"was being increasingly challenged by France and Russia†3 and Germany. The British in fact â€Å"increased their warship production with the  William R. Griffiths and Thomas E. Griess, The Great War (2003): 1. 2. Ian Westwell, World War I Day by Day (1999): 7 3. Ibid. 4. Spencer Tucker, The Great War 1914-18 (1998): 3 intention of war†5 and in fact had a series of wars with Africa in 1899. Britain, along with the other great European powers, â€Å"embarked on an arms race that ran in tandem with the scramble for colonies,†6 which simply means that the reason they improved their armies and navies was because â€Å"they needed to protect far-flung colonies and maintain a balance of military power with their neighbors in Europe. †7 During the early 20th century, Britain launched â€Å"HMS Dreadnought, a Battleship incorporating several new technologies that was far superior to any vessel afloat in 1906†8 This was somehow the reason why other European powers especially Germany began improving and â€Å"building their own dreadnought-type battleships†9 because they saw â€Å"a sudden vulnerability of their costly fleets. †10 However, one rumor was that â€Å"the British recognized the naval competition from Germany as a threat to their existence,†11 though â€Å"the naval arms race between these two powers would continue until the eve of the war. 5. Westwell, 7. 6. Ibid, 8. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid, 9. 10. Ibid. 11. Griffiths and Greis, 5. 12. Ibid. It is said that naval arms race between these two powers would continue until the eve of the war. †13 Nevertheless, â€Å"by 1914, Germany had a navy second only to England’s. †14 Economically, it is said that Britain, along with France and Germany, was ready for the Great War. The most important influence upon British and the rest of the European military during those times was in fact â€Å"the largess bestowed upon European societies by the Industrial Revolution. †15 It is said that â€Å"a wealth of goods, rising productivity, and material well-being†16 were brought about by the factories of the latter half of the 19th century. This period of economic growth all over Europe led to â€Å"the greater availability of education for the lower classes† and that â€Å"better and more widespread educational opportunities enabled citizens to comprehend more readily the†¦military affairs of the state. †17 This perhaps encouraged nationalism among the people of the various European nations. Consequently such feelings may have similarly encouraged rivalries with other nations. Thus, the soil for the war was fertile and all it needed was the seed – which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 13. Griffiths and Greis, 5. 14. Ibid. 15. Ibid, 6 16. Ibid. 17. Ibid. France As early as 1870, â€Å"France had considered itself – and had been considered by others – the leading military power of Europe. †18 It was defeated by Germany during the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 but it was not stated whether this war was really a showcase of the French military but rather it â€Å"meant a lasting antagonism†19 with Germany. Nevertheless, despite being a military power in the late 9th century, France had its â€Å"entire†¦province of Alsace [seized as well as] part of a second province, Lorraine. †20 Germany Since the empire became united in 1871, â€Å"imperial Germany had rapidly emerged as the dominant industrial and military power†21 in Europe and such â€Å"created a potentially explosive situation. It was also believed that â€Å"by the start of the twentieth century, Germany was creating a first-class navy,† which was in fact considered â€Å"the most obvious and dramatic illustration of Germany’s surging power in many spheres. †23 Such was the 18. Neil M. Heyman, World War I (1997): 5. 19. Ibid. 20. Ibid. 21. Ibid. 22. Ibid. 23. Ibid. greatness of the military strength of Germany in the early 20th century. In addition to that, Germany also had an economy that was emerging as one of the strongest in the whole of Europe. Since 1870, Germany’s â€Å"industry had grown so rapidly that this part of Europe, which had supplied immigrants to the Western Hemisphere for more than a century, now imported labor from Poland. †24 Twentieth century Germany was actually home to â€Å"higher education and scientific research [and] a system of social insurance for its working class† and in fact, the country â€Å"could pride itself on being a world leader. † Germany also prided itself with a great leader during that time. The ruler of Germany, Kaiser Wilhelm II, was often considered as â€Å"the embodiment and often the director of [Germany’s] restless energies. †25 By the late 19th century, Kaiser Wilhelm II earned the respect and friendship of a few ambitious military leaders who were against Britain and who would want to challenge it to war. One of these military leaders was Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, the Secretary of State of the Imperial Naval Office of Germany at that time. Moreover, Kaiser Wilhelm II also had his own imperialist ambitions as well for he considered the German navy â€Å"a tool of external power†26 and even declared it to Prime Minister Arthur Balfour of Britain in 1902, many years before the outbreak of WWI. In fact â€Å"the Kaiser sought to play   24. Heyman, 5. 25. Ibid, 6. 26. Ibid. politics, and repeatedly declared that he was determined to make Germany not just dominant in European affairs but in the world† and had a â€Å"desire for a German-dominated central Europe. †27 Such was the measure of Wilhelm II’s ambition and resolve. The Kaiser’s biographer even wrote, â€Å"Only with a fleet could Germany be able to elicit from the British the esteem Wilhelm II believed to be his due. †28 Germany was indeed already a strong power in the early 20th century many years before the outbreak of the Great War. It is said that â€Å"the security of Austria-Hungary, the weaker of the Central Powers, was [even] guaranteed by Kaiser Wilhelm II [since] late 1912. †29 Such was the strength of Germany at that time that they could even guarantee the protection of the territory of another country in addition to their own. Conclusion On the eve of World War I, Britain, France and Germany were all ready for the war that was to ensue. However, among the three, Germany seemed to be the most prepared especially when it came to the military, specifically the development and advancement of its naval warships as well as powerful leadership in the person of Kaiser Wilhelm II. On the other hand, France, although a leading military power of Europe at that time, was in fact torn apart by Germany during the 1871 Franco-Prussian War, hence was not impressively strong compared to Britain and Germany. 27. Tucker, 3. 28. Heyman, 6. 29. Westwell, 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY Griffiths, Williams R. and Griess, Thomas E. The Great War. New York: Square One Publishers, Inc. , 2003. Heyman, Neil M. World War I. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. , 1997. Tucker, Spencer. The Great War 1914-18. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1998. Westwell, Ian. World War I Day by Day. New York: The Brown Reference Group, Plc. , 1999.

Hillary Clinton Email Scandal

Hillary Clinton Email Scandal Hillary Clinton has been a topic of discussion for a while with the entire email scandal. Rumor has it she has been using a private email and has given out classified information on said email. The basis of the whole scandal lies on the question; should Hillary be searched and prosecuted for the emails? Hillary has been using a private email server for over 3 years without question. But suddenly with the election here she has begun to be questioned and has also been searched as shown by Patrick Howley The FBI has a search warrant for Clinton aide Huma Abedins laptop, obtained Sunday night after new emails surfaced in the law enforcement investigation of Abedins husband Anthony Weiner for allegedly sexting with a minor. so the FBI not only searched Hillarys laptop but also Abedins laptop. The FBI has found about five emails on Hillarys server that show classified information such as the location or travel plans for Libyan ambassador Chris Stevens who was killed in 2012. This is very suspicious because his killer knew exactly where he would be and the locations happen to be where he was going when he died. That sounds a bit suspect; why would she know the location of where he would eventually die? Clintons private email allowed her to communicate with many world leaders and to swap em ails with the Clinton foundation. Clintons partner, Huma Abedin, was nervous because in fact she was the one who came up with the idea of creating the private email server. This makes her a suspect if the investigation was ever brought into trial, who has to say that Hillary wont throw Abedin under the bus to save herself from prosecution? Even though Abedin was the one who came up with the idea she said she didnt know about it Huma Abedin later told the FBI that she didnt even know about Clintons private server when she was at the State Department, and Bryan Pagliano pleaded the Fifth(Patrick Howley). Clinton tried to cover up her story saying that her server was kept in the basement of her Chappaqua, New York home. But really, the server was stored at a Clinton-owned office in Midtown Manhattan, where it shared physical space with the Clinton Foundations server. Hillarys homebrew server was operating on the same email network as the Foundations server and the server for Chelsea Cl intons office. (Patrick Howley). It makes Hillary look bad because shes lying about her emails and where they were sent from. Its still unclear if she can be prosecuted but if she ever is they can use that against her, not helping her case. Hillary might be able to get charged with perjury and obstruction of justice for lying and making false statements to the government. This is why shes not fit to be president despite what all the supporters say. Hillary exposed confidential information, Hillary Clinton posted and shared the names of CIA-protected intelligence sources on her private email server, including a defense attachà © and other covert U.S. agents working on matters including Iran and the Taliban and Pakistan (Patrick Howley). This can very well secure the prosecution of Clinton, but why Clinton has not been prosecuted is puzzling. Her server contained five emails with exact locations of travel plans of Chris Stevens and the location of his murder by a 2012 Benghazi attack . Who knows if she was a part of the attack, but it is scary to think that is a possibility. In July, an FBI investigation concluded no reasonable prosecutor would bring a criminal case against Mrs. Clinton, but that she and her aides were extremely careless in their handling of classified information. (Anthony Zurcher). Clinton carelessness should make it possible for a prosecution because there is evidence that could be incriminating to her. The FBI surprised everyone, 11 days before the election, by announcing it was examining newly discovered emails sent or received by Hillary Clinton (Anthony Zurcher). These new emails may contain incriminating items but it is unknown because the government hasnt released any info about the emails. Although with incriminating statements by Clinton, the FBI director James Conrey stood by the statement saying that Clinton should not be prosecuted. Shortly before she was sworn in as secretary of state in 2009, Hillary Clinton set up an email server at her home in Chappaqua, New York. She then relied on this server, home to the email addres s [emailprotected], for all her electronic correspondence both work-related and personal during her four years in office (Anthony Zurcher). While Hillary was secretary of state, she sent or received 62,320 emails. 30490 of those are official but the other ones are not, what does this say about the other ones? Maybe the other emails have illegal information or are sent over her private email. Many of her private emails released to the public had information about the 2012 attack on the US consulate in Benghazi. Hillary has claimed that she had to use her private email for business related things although she never stated why. George W. Bush stated in Clintons defense that he as well used private emails while he was in office. The State Department inspector general report found that many of Mrs. Clintons predecessors including Mr. Powell were also not in compliance with federal recordkeeping requirements, although the rules governing their actions were less detailed when they were in office (Anthony Zurcher). Mr. Powell told Hillary to use private emails but stated that she should not use that email for private information or classified information. Hillary Clintons email controversy is older than her 2016 presidential campaign and its been forced into the headlines again Thursday and Friday when two top aides testify behind closed doors for a House committee(Eric Bradner). Even though the private email scandal is risky for her legally and it can affect her respect level, she said she used it for sole convenience purposes. The FBI believe that she didnt use them for convenience purposes but to have more control over the emails because the government emails that she was supposed to use were monitored. Clinton believes that it is just easier to use the private emails despite the consequences. Clinton got out of trouble because the FBI released information about Hillary knowing that she willingly sent emails that shared classified information. That was supposed to be kept classified but was not. But the Justice Departments investigation, the State Departments processing and release of her emails, a House panels separate investigat ion and dozens of impending lawsuits are weighing on the 2016 Democratic presidential front-runners campaign(Eric Bradner). Hillarys lawyers turned over about 55000 pages of emails found on her private email server to the State Department. Some of the emails were released under judges order. Even though her emails contained classified information, the government still has to deem them classified. But Clintons emails are being reviewed by a team of about 12 interagency officials, who are making recommendations on what should and shouldnt be classified(Eric Bradner).   Clinton has been called into a closed-door deposition by Trey Gowdy. Trey is a part of the house of Benghazi committee. This could be bad considering some of her emails had the travel plans and location of someones death in Benghazi. We do not know what happened in that deposition but it could not have gone badly because Hillary is still free. Clintons email server was run under Eric Hoteham which was a misspelled version of one of her former aids named Eric Hothem. Hillary used google as a backup server, which was traced by the government. The government found out about the emails through a Romanian hacker named Guccifer. President Barak Obama further signed an update to federal records stating that private emails are legal and can be used. Although he stated that they government further made it illegal to use private emails unless they forward or copy the emails to their government emails within twenty days of sending the emails. March 3, 2015 State Department spokeswoman Maria Harf says: [Theres] no indication that Secretary Clinton used her personal email account for anything but unclassified purposes While Secretary Clinton did not have a classified email system, she did have multiple other ways of communicating in a classified manner, including assistants printing documents for her, secure phone calls and secure vi deo conferences(Eric Bradner). This could very well further the investigation because they state that she used other forms of communication to spread classified information. So the FBI could look into her phone records and other forms of communication to potentially find incriminating information. Essentially, this scandal effects all of us because with the presidential election happening she could have become our president and with her on the verge of prosecution why would anyone want that type of person to be a leader of a country. Hillary has   not been publicly registered as the domain owner of the of the email server making her less responsible for her actions as said in the CNN news report. The FBI has stated that have been watching the scandal without involvement for awhile just waiting for Hillary to slip up, which she did to go investigate but when the investigation happened she was deemed being lawful and not breaking any rules so the prosecution is in a standstill waiting for something unlawful to air so that Clinton can be brought up on charges. The fact of the matter is CLinton did something suspicious and illegal and just because the president decided to change a rule last minute to save Hillary shouldnt be counted because before that rule change Clinton could have been prosecuted and brought into court but wasnt. Clinton is very lucky for Obama helping her and should count her blessings for the simple fact that she should be in brought into justice, this may be opinionated but maybe she wasnt prosecuted because she has connections in government and she is a part of a serious position that shes done so well. The government doesnt want to see her go because theyd have to find someone who might not be able to do it as well as her. The email scandal is a serious debate and should be looked into by the FBI. Due to the evidence I believe that Clinton should be prosecuted for her actions of sending classified information. All in all the case has been opened and hopefully will be closed soon with Clinton getting what she deserves. Works Cited Hillary Clinton Email Scandal Explained. Hillary Clinton Email Scandal Explained, Breitbart, 2017, www.breitbart.com/2016-presidential-race/2016/10/31/hillary-clinton-email-scandal-explained/. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017. Hillary Clinton Email Scandal Explained. Hillary Clinton Email Scandal Explained, Investors Business Daily, Inc, 20 Jan. 2017, www.investors.com/politics/editorials/hillary-clinton-email-scandal/. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017. Hillary Clinton emails whats it all about? Hillary Clinton emails whats it all about?, BBC News Services, 6 Nov. 2016, www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-31806907. Accessed 3 march 2017. Hillary Clintons email controversy, explained. Hillary Clintons email controversy, explained, http://www.cnn.com/profiles/eric-bradner, 28 Oct. 2016, www.cnn.com/2015/09/03/politics/hillary-clinton-email-controversy-explained-2016/. Accessed 3 Mar. 2017.

My Papas Waltz :: essays research papers

A Drunken Dance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theodore Roethke’s â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† tells the reader of a small boy’s memory of his father. It explains how his father is intoxicated and the scene that goes along with it, using the word waltz to describe it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first two lines, it recounts the smell of his father’s breath and the extent to which it reeked: â€Å"The whiskey on your breath / Could make a small boy dizzy† (1-2). As the third and fourth lines are read, a picture of a small boy hanging onto his father is instilled in the reader’s mind: â€Å"But I hung on like death / Such waltzing was not easy† (3-4). We would not normally associate this particular image with a waltz, a word Webster’s Dictionary defines as a ballroom dance in 3/4 time with strong accent on the first beat and a basic pattern of step-step-close. How can such an elegant dance be used to describe such a scene?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fifth and sixth lines describe, sarcastically, a playful incident where pans fall off the kitchen shelf: â€Å"We romped until the pans / Slid from the kitchen shelf† (5-6). Finally the boy’s mother comes into play during the seventh and eight lines. Her facial expression â€Å"Could not unfrown itself† (8). This tells us that the mother was displeased but its rather discerning that she made no attempt at intervening. We would normally think of a mother’s love as unconditional and willing to do anything for her son. It really shows the degree of fear the father must have embedded into the mother with his actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eleventh through fourteenth lines describe actual, bodily harm done to the young boy by way of his father’s acts: â€Å"At every step you missed / My right ear scraped a buckle / You beat time on my head / With a palm caked hard by dirt† (11-14). We can actually picture the boy clinging to his father as his ear scrapes the father’s belt buckle and his watch bumps hard onto the boy’s head.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe this poem tells a rather disturbing story of a boy’s time with his father in a very sarcastic way. I believe the theme to it is the sarcasm itself. It shows how some things that are bad can be described as good.

Dramatic Monologues Essay -- essays papers

Dramatic Monologues The dramatic monologue features a speaker talking to a silent listener about a dramatic event or experience. The use of this technique affords the reader an intimate knowledge of the speaker's changing thoughts and feelings. In a sense, the poet brings the reader inside the mind of the speaker. (Glenn Everett online) Like a sculpturer pressing clay to form a man, a writer can create a persona with words. Every stroke of his hand becomes his or her own style, slowly creating this stone image. A dramatic monologue is an ideal opportunity for a poet to unveil a character. A dramatic monologue is a species of lyric poem in which the speaker is a persona created by the poet; the speaker's character is revealed unintentionally through his or her attitudes in the dramatic situation. This persona must be identified, but not named. He or she can be a real person, an imaginary character, an historical or literary figure; in essence, anyone except the poet or a neutral voice. The writer does this through various techniques within a dramatic monologue by using mood, diction and imagery to mold the character before the reader's eyes. Firstly, by creating a certain mood, the writer attempts to give his or her reader a particular feeling. This, in turn, reveals new insight to a side of the character that the reader has yet to discover. In William Butler Yeats' poem, An Irish Airman Foresees His Death, Yeats adds a very distinct mood to the clay that creates this airman. This man, who very obviously sees no meaning in either his life or his death, speaks carelessly about his non existent self-worth. This creates a dark and depressing atmosphere for the reader. In the finishing lines of this poem, Yeats writes... ... and Atwood manipulate to achieve a similar goal: the unveiling of their character. In much the same way that a sculptor molds clay, the writer uses mood, diction and imagery to shape its characters. Through a dramatic monologue the poet allows the reader to not only envision the characters in their physical forms, but feels their pain, celebrates their triumphs and journeys with them throughout their various dramatic experiences.  Works Cited Atwood, Margeret. Journals of Susanna Moodie Macmillan of Canada, 1980. Johnson, Pauline. Flint and Feather McCelland and Stewart, 1972. Kennedy, Ronald. The Yeats Reader Dundurn, 1968. Landy, Alice, Martin, Dave. The Heath Introduction to Literature Canadian Edition, Heath and Company, 1980. http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/victorian/rb/dm1.html http://www.uvic/writersguide/eng/dramatic.mono.com

How To Win Friends and Influence people Essay -- GCSE Business Marketi

How To Win Friends and Influence people This book was written in 1936 by Dale Carnegie. Some of the terms and vocabulary used are dated but the advice and information can still be used today. It deals with communication with others and the need for all parties to be able to perceive the objective from the others' viewpoint. The perspective of the book is from a position of power or management but it can be useful to anyone that reads it. While this book is useful, it should be remembered it was written during a time when the people in the workforce had a very strong protestant work ethic socialized into them. The book is divided into four parts, and they are: Fundamental Techniques in Handling People. The next section is called: Six Ways to Make People Like You. The third chapter is titled: How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking. The final segment is called: Be a Leader: How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment. The titles to the sections are somewhat blunt and imply manipulation instead of understanding or compromise but the book stresses seeing things from the viewpoint of others and resolving conflict in mutually acceptable ways. The emphasis of the book is teaching the skills necessary to use the collaborating conflict style and behavior modification. The first section, Fundamental Techniques in Handling People, has three principles. 1) Don't criticize, condemn or complain; this is the most difficult one to manage. 2) Give honest, sincere appreciation. Everyone has some positive traits. 3) Arouse in the other person a desire to please. Using these principles promote the ability for the individuals to have an open, honest conversation. This in turn creates a positive atmosphere for conflict resolution. The six principles of the second segment are, Six Ways to Make People Like You, 1) Be sincerely interested in other people. 2) Smile at people. 3) Remember and use a person's name. It relays a message. It tells people they are important to you. 4) Be a good listener and encourage other people to talk about themselves. 5) Talk in terms of the other person's interest. 6) Finally, make the other person feel important and do it honestly. The third section, How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking, has twelve principles. 1) The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it. 2) Show respect for the other person's ... ...ve tried to use some of the advice from the book for problems which occur frequently. I have had some success using his advice. I have found no real support for his assumption that most people behave rationally or use logic as a tool for decision making. For example, absenteeism is a major problem. I have an employee that worked part-time. She supports herself and one child. She was calling off from work about once a week. She and I discussed this, she said she was having problems with her car and needed money to have it fixed. She asked for a loan to have her it repaired. She wanted to work an extra day every week until the loan was repaid. Her car is now running well but she still misses at least once a week. Considering the loan payment that is withheld from her check, she is taking home less money than she did previously. I am sure she justifies this to herself in some manner but I fail to see any rational or logical explanation for her behavior. This book and others like it are used in seminars across the country for management training. Perhaps, the real purpose is to train management to work together in problem solving. That is where I have found it to be the most useful.

Kant’s Categorical Imperative

Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment in Europe in the mid to late 18th century.   Immanuel Kant advanced the deontological theory with his theory: the categorical imperative.   Deontology is the theory of duty or moral obligation.   Performing that duty is the righteous act in itself, not the act leading to an expected or attempted end.  Ã‚   In other words, the end does not justify the means, but the means is an end unto itself.â€Å"In his theory, Kant claimed that various actions are morally wrong if they are inconsistent with the status of a person as a free and rational being, and that, conversely, acts that further the status of people as free and rational beings are morally right.† (Categorical)   Kant believed that to carry out morally right actions was an absolute duty.   He believed there were two types of duty: contingent duties which needed to be carried out only under certain circumstances, and categorical duties which always needed to be carried out because they were based on the general nature of things. (Categorical)   From these categorical duties, Kant created the categorical imperative.The categorical imperative is comprised of five formulations. The first three were the most famous:â€Å"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.† â€Å"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means† â€Å"Therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxim always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends.† (Kant )  The first two formulations will be discussed in this paper.   The third formulation seems to merely combine the commands of the first two formulations.In order to understand the categorical imperative theory, the definition of a maxim must be understood .   A maxim, according to Kant, is a principle or rule that an individual uses when making a decision to act. (Categorical)   Morality and rational demands apply to the maxims that motivate actions. (Categorical)The first formulation is the Formula of Universal Law.   It holds that one should only act on a maxim that the agent is willing to hold as a universal law.   Also, the law â€Å"must not come into conflict with itself.† (Categorical)   In other words, if the rule or maxim cannot or should not apply to everyone or if it contradicts itself in any situation, then it should not be acted upon.   If the maxim is rational and not contradictory to itself, then the action should and, in some cases, must be taken. (Categorical)   Kant divided this reference to the duty to act on maxims into perfect duty and imperfect duty.   The perfect duty is to act only on maxims that do not result in logical contradictions when they are universalized.   The imperfect duty is to act only on those maxims that the agent is willing to universalize.   One cannot create a maxim for oneself that he or she will not apply to someone else.The second formulation is the Formula of the End in Itself.   This formulation holds that one should consider other humans or â€Å"rational beings† as well as one's self as an end, never as a means. (Categorical)   This is the opposite of the ends justifies the means theory.   In this formulation, the means are considered an end.   Therefore, the means cannot justify the ends.   If it is wrong to lie, then it is wrong to lie whether the outcome from the lie is good or bad because the lie was the end in itself: the morally wrong action that was taken. This means that a person must apply all maxims to others as he applies them to himself or else the maxims would be contradictory.There is a strong point made with both formulations, as well as a weakness.   The strongest point in the first formulation is uni versality.   It makes sense that one should wish to apply all rules and laws to others as they are applied to one's self.   For example, if I were expected by a local law to keep my dog on a leash, I would expect my neighbors to abide by that law also.   Similarly, if I was allowed the freedom to have as many children as I wish, then I should not try to take that freedom from others.   This applies to the second formulation also.   If other rational beings are to be treated as rational beings and not a means to my outcomes, then these rational beings should all hold these same freedoms that I do.In contrast, both formulations have a weakness.   It is difficult to always judge actions, as they stand alone.   It is wrong to murder.   However, in self-defense, it may be necessary.   If we view a self-defensive murder according to the categorical formulation, it is wrong to murder no matter the outcome, good or bad.   But what if killing an attacker was the only meth od of saving one's own life and perhaps, depending on the scenario, the lives of others?   Then was it morally wrong to murder?   Would the obligation to save others overrule the principle that murder is wrong?   What is the maxim to act on in this case?   Too many contradictions and shaky situations can arise to dispute the formulation.The second formulation is easier to practice than the first.   It is sensible to apply the same rules to one's self as to other human beings.   However, because the first formulation requires that particular conditions not apply, it is more difficult to practice the first formulation.  Nevertheless, the second formulation supports the first.   If a maxim is contradictory, then it should not be used to make decisions.   Also, as in the second formulation, if a person or action was used as a means and not an end, then it could not be rational or universal which would render it contradictory.   So, one would be morally bound not to u se such a maxim to make decisions by perfect and imperfect duty.In order for the second formulation to be true, the first formulation must exist.   In the first formulation, it is explained that the maxim cannot be contradictory to itself and it must be willingly used universally.   In the second formulation, if a person demands an end for himself, he must demand the same end for everyone else.   Everyone has a moral obligation to seek the same ends for all mankind that he seeks for himself.   For example, if a man seeks the freedom to marry whom he pleases, then he must seek that right for every other man out there, too.   It would be morally wrong for him to choose another man's wife or a woman's husband.Thus, if the first formulation which specifies universality and uniformity were not true, then the second formulation which expounds universality between human beings would not be true.   Also, if the universality between rational beings was not true, then it would be contradictory to the first formulation which would then contradict itself and then neither would be true.   So, it is conclusive that these formulations must work together to create the standard for moral duty.All in all, Kant was trying to theorize that actions were not bound morally by consequences or outcome.   He was explaining that actions in themselves were good or bad no matter the outcome because people chose their actions by their sense of moral duty, not by the consequences of their actions.ReferencesCategorical Imperative Formulations. Wikipedia. [Online] Available at:                   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_imperative#The_second_formulation      Accessed: 5 /12/2007.

Establishmont of a Pre-Requisite Integrated Multi-Transit System

ContentssIntroductionPurposeAimResearch QuestionMethodologyWhat is integrating?Multi-modal rider theodolite systemPublic conveyance system in VijayawadaPara-transit commissariats in Indian contextTypology of para-transit system of the metropolisRelevance in Vijayawada scenarioSignificance of infinites in theodolite systemTravel form and webTravel behavior in the metropolisTraffic web and congestionSimplification of route webUrban destruction and flexibleness of infinitesModal transportations and frequencePeak and off peak timingsFactors on transportation rateConnectivity MapDistance-Time-Expenditure analysisModal alteration and outgoAn attack to metro rail webIntegration of multimodal rider theodolite system and the function of para-transit commissariats Abstraction This paper analyses how the theodolite civilization in India and peculiarly in the metropolis of Vijayawada can be redefined with regard to the available renovation forms and the para-transit commissariats in the metropolis. The bing urban signifier and web play the existent function in the renovation form which can be either partial destruction method or constructive method. Though most the manners of conveyance are genuinely in the being in the metropolis, the art of incorporating them gives the visible radiation to the developed multi-modal theodolite system in that peculiar metropolis. It truly changes the theodolite civilization within the metropolis enabling the debut to farther manners of conveyance and terminuss. The bing canal alteration may impact the obliteration of slums which have been profoundly rooted near the canal. The paper besides analyses on all para-transit manners of transit in the metropolis that how it felicitates and contributes to the ‘linking processà ¢â‚¬â„¢ among the other manners. It besides oversees the futuristic development of the metropolis in the urban graduated table where traffic congestion has to be nullified or minimized Cardinal words: Multimodal, para-transit, renovation, transit civilization, rider, transportations Introduction â€Å"A developed state is non where the hapless usage autos, it’s where the rich usage public transit† , Gustavo Petro, the city manager of Bogota, Columbia. Transportation system in India has ne'er been drastically changed over the past decennaries due to the unauthorised land acquisition and unplanned conveyance development. Among the assorted metropoliss, really few are planned whereas others were raised, built and spread-over quickly, in random infinite and clip. It led to farther congestion of roads, streets and public infinites without presenting a opportunity of re-development procedure. So the transit, where it didn’t drama major portion in Indian context was dragged into a alteration, which offered nil less than a mere development and couldn’t foresee the futuristic India. The major technological promotion failed to come in Indian subcontinent, led to the forceful restriction of traditional and available transit. Therefore the theodolite system w as kept under-developed for ages, where different manners of transit were introduced but rarely made a contribution to a multi-modal theodolite system. Even Indian economic system was doubtless incapacitated with the new constructs of theodolite development and more or less the same system prevailed over. The resourceful metropoliss of India still have major manners of transit, which could be efficaciously re-modified into an incorporate system, which promises a simplest and flexible motion within and around the system. The H2O, route and the rail theodolite jointly organize the fastest and easiest transportations, in which the clip factor makes the advantage. The modern epoch besides demands a procedure or an activity, which makes life faster and easier, advancing the aesthetic sense as a whole. The transit has been an ineluctable portion of mundane life, demanding the destruction of preexistent characteristics to guarantee the hereafter needs and necessities. Many metropoliss have started demarcating commissariats for a multi-modal theodolite system where sustainability and constructions are still conserved. Transportation system is a really huge subject on which we create different beds of idea procedure to set up the connectivity and linkage in a proper manner. The transit civilization of India is bit by bit being changed. We can see the alteration in the completed and approaching undertakings in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, Bangalore and Hyderabad. The 20 first century started with the tube rail and subway rail system instead than the suburban and other webs. The promotion of high-speed Express main roads besides paved a manner to the metropolis transit be aftering constructs. It has besides to be mentioned that the multi average theodolite hubs and terminuss have seen into the existent image of a future metropolis. Peoples use different manners of conveyance to make finishs where they use an interphase theodolite manner for doing it economic every bit good as faster. For illustration, New Delhi railroad station has a good entree to make out to the Metro station, metropolis coachs, cars, jinrikishas and taxis easy so that the clip hold in happening another manner of conveyance is negligible. That is the ground why many of its Metro Stationss are located merely above the Highways and Bus terminuss. The interphase of H2O conveyance and the route conveyance can be really good seen in the survey of metropolis of Venice in Italy. How sophistically the prosaic motion migrates to the H2O conveyance and vice-versa could be designed harmonizing to the physiological and geographical character of the metropolis. However, the route transports proved to be the decisive portion in the theodolite development, the other manners have to be linked to the route theodolite doing it as the primary manner of conveyance. The gridiron form of New York, triangular form of Paris and the Radial or Hexagonal form of New Delhi have their ain advantages and disadvantages in its theodolite civilization. What we have to concentrate is to renew the rules and thoughts to work out the jobs and functionality of the theodolite system in a metropolis. A multi modal theodolite system besides demands for the cargo transportations, which have a different impact on the theodolite behavior of the metropolis. The logistics and contracts are involved in the transportations, which deal more into the economic and fiscal stages instead than the design and planning rules. Purpose To set up a pre-requisite integrated multi-transit system, through the merger of different theodolite manners and systemization of para-transit installations, as the anchor of metropolis transit. To redefine the bing metropolis theodolite webs in a broader degree so that maximized rider transportation, minimized distance and least travel clip are achieved. Aim †¢To re-develop the urban conveyance system of the metropolis cloth. †¢To have a re-modelled railroad corridor including the bombardments and Bridgess. †¢To simplify of route web with regard to inveigh and waterways. †¢To set up cardinal hub for linking all manners of the theodolite system. †¢To systematize para-transit installations linking all manners of conveyance. †¢To exhibit a position on metro/subway development in the farthest hereafter. †¢To substantiate urban destruction to keep the flexibleness of the theodolite. †¢To evaluate existent time-based analysis of transportations within the systems. RESEARCH QUESTION Why do we necessitate an incorporate system of all manners of theodolite along with para-transit comfortss in an urban multi-transit system and how can we accomplish this to underscore high transportations and least clip and distance? SCOPE & A ; LIMITATION The paper surveies about the theodolite civilization within Indian context where the instance survey of the web is taken in New Delhi, Chennai etc. The end product of the survey purpose at the metropolis of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, which has the range of its theodolite renovation, extends to route, rail and H2O due to the handiness of the railroad corridor and canals of the river Krishna. Methodology The multi-modal theodolite system needs tonss of literature survey, informations aggregations and studies which have to be assembled, framed and evaluated. We start with the normal surveies related to the public transit, the concerns of theodolite oriented development, the modal-wise theodolite civilization in India and abroad and the jobs of malfunctioned theodolite terminuss. LITERATURE STUDY: The assorted surveies about the theodolite oriented developments in the United States of America prove to be critical in this scenario. The more the accessible it is, the public interphase will be much more than we expect to be. The handiness being the major component of the theodolite web, the governments started believing about the re-development of few theodolite Stationss depending upon the public interphase. Furthermore the handiness, it really started working out the other factors responsible for the transportations and motion. For case, a to the full rail auto can take 200 autos from the route and a rail coach can take 20 autos from the route. ( Public transit ) . Taking the broader image, through the statistical analysis in the United States of America, Los Angeles County Metropolitan transit authorization has seen a 40 % addition in ridership on tube since the proviso of existent clip information was established. ( Public Transportation ) It bit by bit fost ers the communities to ‘walk more and drive less’ . However, the car industry sustains even though, it has lost its higher manus in the system, favored the assorted manners of public conveyance system to come up to the competition. That is how the metro systems played a important portion in modulating the theodolite harmoniousness of the metropoliss of United States of America. The public conveyance in the Indian metropoliss has the worst state of affairs in the subcontinent, though it is easy accessible from anyplace in the state through different manners. The information shows the private conveyance being dominant doing the traffic congestion and pollution. In the Indian context of multi-modal theodolite, Kashmere gate and Anand Vihar in New Delhi serve the intent of it suiting the riders from tube every bit good as the interstate bus terminal increasing the handiness and connectivity. DATA COLLECTION: Several studies have to be conducted on for the consequences related to the transportations, clip and distance.Travel time-distance study in public conveyance, para-transit options ( prosaic, rickshaw and auto-rickshaw ) and private owned conveyance.Differential function of existent distance and covered distance between two different manners. ( Railway and Bus ) .Time taken for the average alteration from one to another and vice-versa. If there is a difference, why?Survey of figure of people utilizing public and shared conveyance instead than in private owned. Subsequently their portions in the current traffic in the metropolis.Survey on transportations from and to in a manner of conveyance with regard to clip.What is INTEGRATION? Integration is a procedure or an act of intermixing of different topics into a individual value giving a combined advantage of both. In this context of conveyance system, the theodolite modals must hold been established long clip back. But the existent integrating of the different theodolite manners is the questionable factor to be accomplished. Many of the Indian metropoliss, including Vijayawada, are besides on the-verge of theodolite integrating which enables the limitless entree of public transit and minimized private intercession. WSA ( 2007 ) information gives us a visible radiation in the theodolite civilizations in Indian metropoliss along with Asian monopolies. Public transit and incorporate theodolite systems in European states and American provinces prove to be a critical component in the planetary development of the full subcontinent. Multi-modal rider theodolite system As many understand, multimode conveyance refers to a conveyance system normally operated by one bearer with more than one manner of conveyance under control or ownership of one operator. It involves the usage of more than one agencies of conveyance such as a combination of truck, railway car, railroads, airplane or ship in sequence to each ( www.etamad.com ) . It drives the urban development of the full metropolis in its physical, socio-economical and internal web. It is one of the decisive functional facet of the metropolis traffic. Public conveyance system in Vijayawada Vijayawada metropolis is wholly a theodolite oriented metropolis as the route, rail and H2O conveyance have the major impact in its history, civilization and the physical geography. It has a immense railroad terminus since it has been declared as one of the biggest and busiest railroad corridor. The chief two roads in Vijayawada starts from the Old Vijayawada part diverge to run into the National highway-5 which lays the bosom of the metropolis. The H2O canals were the historic grounds of merchant but turned to be sewerage and refuse remover of the metropolis in the existent sense. Talking about the route conveyance system, APSRTC ( Andhra Pradesh State Transport Corporation ) runs its services throughout each and every corners of the metropolis from 5 am to 12pm with a sum of 500 metropolis coachs and tube coachs holding about 2000+ day-to-day services ( PNBS at Once, 1991 ) . Pandit Nehru Bus Station operates another 2500 trips of other ordinary/express/interstate coachs off from the metropolis. It is one of the successful corporation holding a record figure of services in South India. The bus Terminal is the 2nd largest in India ( The New Indian Express, 2014 ) after ISBT Kashmere Gate, New Delhi ( Economic Times, 2013 ) . It has succeeded in linking people and services, finally affecting the populace into the system. The response from the public gave a green visible radiation to the maximal coverage in most of the corners of the metropolis. Para-transit commissariats in Indian context Those services which in-turn support the chief watercourse of manners of conveyance and link them through sophisticated webs are normally known as para-transit system. It generates batch of travel options and form in travelers which can be opted to be used consequently. Although it is non straight linked with a to the full flourished conveyance manners say Bus theodolite, it really add ups

Corporate Environmental Responsibility: the Performance of Cadbury

Nowadays, more people tend to focus on environment issues of corporation because they are the main factors of causing pollution to the earth and impact to the ecological system. Cadbury is the world fourth biggest manufactory of chocolate, it had done a seriously rainforest destruction as a result of their business requiring large amount of raw materials that are collect from natural resources (Cadbury's Shareholders Find Palm Oil Leaves a Bitter Taste 2004). This essay examine the performance of Cadbury and how they dealing the problems with raw materials as well as the effect on the environment and stakeholders. Cadbury used to be a small beverage shop in 1824, after merging with Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes, it acquire more companies after that and today it became one of the largest confectionery company ( history of Cadbury n. d. ) and also one of the largest multi-national corporation (business service industry 2008). The starting main purpose of Cadbury is not creating new brand that people love but is to raise the shareholder value and they already succeed in achieving this purpose twenty years ago (Cadbury Schweppes 2004). After that they have just started to change their business target to create new brand that people love. Cadbury detected that there is a rare bacteria named â€Å"Salmonella† affecting numbers of their product and it is believe due to the leaking pipe, but they are not paying attention to this serious matter. Eventually, Cadbury was prosecuted because of countering health and safety legislation in the year 2007 and was fined 1 million pounds for their irresponsible performance which is also definitely effect the profit of stakeholders(Defying a Reputational Crisis – Cadbury’s Salmonella Scare: Why are Customers willing to Forgive and Forget? 009). Today, Cadbury franchise such as India, USA, Canada have treated CSR as the key to the success of business comparing to the past; they believe that the responsible for environment, health and safety are very important to minimize the impact of environment, It is also important that they can become a profitable and effective company by this way and they will surely proud of what they have done (CSR helps businesses keep ta bs on environmental, social impact 2010). In order to fulfil society needs, Cadbury continuously launched 23 kinds of chocolate and keep improving their quality to the best from the year 1865 until today. Besides, Cadbury is the first company to provide pictures on the product instead of printing text on the product. There are also many special event held by Cadbury such as giving away some souvenirs products and also a redeem event for their customer to get further item by purchasing their products. (History of Cadbury n. d. They also certified their chocolates as Fair-trade products by labelling it on the products to decrease the public pressure (Cadbury goes Fairtrade2009). Impact on Environment Since manufacturing chocolate require large amount of raw materials, Cadbury discover palm oil is the most basic and cheapest secret ingredient to make chocolate instead of using cocoa butter which require higher cost. Unfortunately, this lead to the serious deforestation problem that not only effected the environment but also man y animals is killed. New Zealand's Auckland Zoo is the place where the primary deforestation took place and this was considered as a threat to most of the wild life that inhabited in that area especially Orangutan, they have became â€Å"the orphans of the palm oil† because most of their parents are killed during the deforestation(Palm oil costs Cadbury trusted title 2010). Auckland Zoo has also stop stocking Cadbury’s chocolate anymore to express their protest. (Auckland Zoo bans Cadbury chocolate due to palm oil content 2009). Auckland Zoo also organise an organisation in Facebook which is â€Å"Anti Palm Oil Community (APOC) â€Å"to focus the serious of the deforestation issue which destroy 300 rugby fields every hour(APOC). Besides, in order to meet the production target, the company always hired a lot of worker but those workers that are working in the palm oil are often poorly treated. Cadbury has an† Ethical Trading Policy† but they have totally neglect the importance of environment and the human rights issue (Cadbury's Shareholders Find Palm Oil Leaves a Bitter Taste 2004). Cadbury also claim that the palm oil they used is â€Å"green and sustainable† as they have their own certificate system, but they have just pretend to use 2,800 tonnes of palm oil which is recorded in the certificate instead of the actual amount of 40,000 tonnes of palm oil. (Green wash of the week: Cadbury’s ‘green palm oil’ claim 2009)They are ignoring the severity of environment impact they have done, just to emphasize on their profit; the stakeholders also faced a serious losses from this case. One of the serious problem that environment faced is the global warming and it is caused by the widen hole of atmosphere. According to the scientific research, every single litre of milk produce approximately 900g of Carbon dioxide. Carbon trust is having a carbon footprinting project and discovered that more than 60% of the Carbon dioxide is produced by the Cadbury’s dairy cows farm(We've had drumming gorillas, now Cadbury takes on burping cows 2009). Cadbury’s dairy cows farm play the most important role in this incident as the cows produced 80~120kg of methane per year which is similar as a family car and was release to the atmosphere that eventually widen the hole of atmosphere. This methane emission is actually produced with the burps of the cows due to the incorrect diet. (Cadbury to curb methane emissions from burping dairy cows 2009)They did not pay attention for their animals as raising animals required a lot of effort by adjusting the stay and diet of the animals. Cadbury’s intension overcome environment issues Cadbury’s plan to replace cocoa butter with palm oil has caused a serious damage to environment and also a lot of complain by consumers as palm oil is a complex and unhealthy ingredient. In order to fulfils their Environment, Health and safety policy they have no choice but to cut down adding palm oil into chocolate. The deforestation that took place at Auckland Zoo has also caused the company’s reputation to drop. (Cadbury dumps palm oil after consumer protests 2009)With the cut down usage of palm oil, they believe it could at least, save their reputation from dropping too much. Dealing with the climate change is also one of their target improvements in environment. Cadbury has announced that they have 17% reduction of water consumption by improving their manufacturing progress in the year 2006 which is also act in concert with the World Water day (Cadbury Reduces Water Consumption by 17 Percent 2009). Cadbury eventually launch a strategy plan â€Å"Purple goes green† in the year 2008 and set their target to reduce unnecessary consumption while producing chocolates especially to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide by 50% in the year 2020. They have successfully in achieving part of their target within a year with reducing the usage of packaging and the emission of carbon dioxide; they have also successfully saved 4 millions litre of water per year (Cadbury-Purple goes green 2008). For the next two years, they have a further target which is to ensure the packaging they used is 60% biodegradable. Besides, Carbon dioxide that produced with the burps of the cows is also a serious problem that destroys the environment. Cadbury has already worked together with the dairy farmer to figure out a better way to reduce carbon footprint from the milk chocolate (Cadbury’s works to reduce bovine emission 2009). They provide dairy farmers a guild to lower the emission through scientific research by changing the diet of cows to a balance nutritional. It is believe it will definitely reduce the emission problem by 50% in the year 2020 which is also part of their â€Å"Purple goes Green strategy†. (Cadbury Partners with Dairy Farmers to Reduce Carbon Footprint 2009). Packaging is also one of the factors causing impact to environment. Cadbury has worked hard to figure out a better way of packaging their products to minimize the impact to environment. Their target is to achieve 100% biodegradable by 2010 and they have co-operated with plantic technologies limited since 2002. (Responsible packaging 2007)Plantic do a lot of research at the research centre to invent a better biodegradable and non-toxic materials to advance the packaging technologies. Cadbury has replaced the roses tin with cardboard box and successfully made a brand new packaging production for Christmas and seasonal gifts (chocolate swallows millions of our dollars in an easter eating frenzy 2010) which not only reduce the weight by 45% but also saved 200 tonnes of steel. (Cadbury replaces Roses tin with cardboard box 2009)In the year 2008, Cadbury has awarded the best green packaging for its new product- Eco-eggs, with the special wrapping style as the products only used very limited materials to complete. Cadbury has successfully decreased the usage of plastic material by 247 tonnes and cardboard by 115 tonnes in the year 2008 for packaging their products. (Cadburys-‘Eco-eggs' 2008)In this case, Cadbury has successfully proved their effort of saving the environment by achieving their â€Å"Purple Goes Green† target and this is also helping the stakeholders to gain more profit. Cadbury also carry out an environmental research with Earthwatch in the year 2005 in order to have a better understanding as well as improving the quality of cocoa in Ghana. Their research focus on the quality of cocoa and try to invent a better way for farming cocoa bean in Ghana with increasing number of farmers in order to get the best production(Cadbury n. d. ). Cadbury not only provided financial support but also get itself involved in this research to show their intension upon improving environment issue. Concluding remarks Cadbury’s social improvement is obviously, although they did wrong sometime because they have placed profit as the most important role in business . From New Zealand's Auckland Zoo case, it has reflected Cadbury only concentrate on their profit but neglect the most importance issues which is how society will treat them and this has caused Cadbury’s reputation to drop. Besides, even they have discovered that a rare bacteria is affecting their products, they did not pay attention to the serious matter which is possible to become a threat to health. As a result, they neglect the importance of environmental issues and caused serious damage to environment such as deforestation and also confronting the social protest. However, Cadbury’s intension on improving the environment aspect of their business is strong and with wised planning, they have been doing this for almost a century. With the â€Å"Purple goes green strategy† and the reduction of carbon dioxide emission, water usage and packaging materials usage, they have shown their dedication on improving environment issues, trusting that achieving the environment, health and safety policy are the keys to the succeeds of business, not only just becoming a profit-oriented company but also become a environmentalist company. References http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0712-auckland_zoo_palm_oil.html http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0817-cadbury_nz.html http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/press_releases/cadburys_shareholders_find_20052004.html http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/03/31/cadbury-reduces-water-consumption-by-17-percent/ http://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/13811-Cadbury-Partners-with-Dairy-Farmers-to-Reduce-Carbon-Footprint