The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels...

â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† – the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels was published on February 21, 1848. This book is the first document of scientific communism and the first program of the international communist organizations and parties. It is the most systematic work of all thoughts and great teachings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† consists of the main statements of the materialistic conception of history, the impartial laws of social development, the laws of the transition from one mode of production to another. The work describes the history of all hitherto existing class society as the history of class struggles. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† provides a brilliant analysis of the characteristics of capitalism, the rapid development of the productive forces and the emergence of widespread machine production conditions. With great strength and depth, â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† analyzes the antagoni stic contradictions essential in capitalism, and justify the inevitability of its collapse. Both Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argue that history of class struggle is concentrated between the bourgeoisie, or owners (oppressors), and the proletariat, or workers (oppressed). The bourgeoisie has to do their best in order to succeed. They must build a great variety of new cities and promote various products. However, the most significant part of their activity is to preserve cheaper goods, whereas expelling a lot of workers to see a gradual rise inShow MoreRelatedThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1746 Words   |  7 Pagesdrawn on what the government can do that is acceptable. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince, in which he argues that people are naturally immoral and will do what they can, whether good or bad, to maintain well-liked. In The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the main argument is that humans are rational and would be able to govern themselves as a result of have one single class. When thoroughly analyzing each of t he political works, it is clear that the main motivating factorsRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to begin explaining Communism and its goals. The Manifesto suggests that history acts according to what is called â€Å"class struggle.† The â€Å"means of production† are what truly defines the class relationships according to Marx and Engels (Marx 2002). Inevitably, the classes conflict and become hostile, no longer moving fluidly (Spalding 2000). The Manifesto states that this conflict becomes so severe that it eventually becomes a revolutionRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels2286 Words   |  10 PagesIn 1847, a group of radical workers who were called the â€Å"Communist League† met in London. During this meeting, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were commissioned to write a manifesto which soon became kn own as the Communist Manifesto. â€Å"A road map to history’s most important political document.† These words on the cover of one of the books newest editions to The Communist Manifesto represents that this document has been translated into many different form; this particular remake was meant for all levelsRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels831 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 4, 2015 COMM 8200 Analysis of The Communist Manifesto A spectre is haunting Europe--the spectre of Communism. The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory behind the movement. Marx sees all of Europe allied against the idea of communism and consistently demonizes it and its followers. This caused the Communists to assemble in London and create this Manifesto in order to make their views public and clarifiedRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto, By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels Essay 1664 Words   |  7 PagesThe Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto was drafted under the commission of the Communist League, a body that consisted of a group of radical workers who were disgruntled by the abject poverty of the working class in industrialized Europe. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the authors of the Communist Manifesto, lived at a time when the gap between the rich and the poor was becoming evidently wide, and the working class was struggling to survive. The Communist Manifesto is a result of contextRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto, By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1000 Words   |  4 Pagesis the history of class struggles† (Marx). In the year 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels decided to publish a manifesto after sitting down and sharing ideas for a period of time. Today, that piece of writing is known as The Communist Manifesto. In this book, Marx, the principal author stated that escaping from alienation required a revolution. That was the only possible way in which a political as well as a socia l change could have been seen. Therefore, Marx’ theory implied the use of violenceRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels835 Words   |  4 Pages The Communist Manifesto is written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which was published by a group of German born revolutionary socialists known as the Communist League. The main idea in this book is define the goals and theory of Communism. It explains how classes affect one another as well. This book consists of four different chapters which display Marx’s approach on Communism in different circumstances. This book is about Marx’s perspective on Communism, its effects, how it is criticized,Read MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of all hithero existing society is the history of class struggle. (Marx Engels 1848). This statement establishes the setting for the Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A bold proclamation, the Communist Manifesto set the stage at the time for illustrating, so distinctly, a prolonged tension between two opposing and intertwined classes of a capitalis tic economy. Still resonating in contemporary society, class struggle, especially between these two classesRead MoreEssay The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels958 Words   |  4 PagesThe Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, outlines how a society should be run under communism. The document provides truths to what is wrong with society; what causes these wrongs; how they can be fixed; and how this relates to humans and nature. Marx was a political philosopher of German ancestry. Marx and Engels split the document up into four sections: Section 1: Bourgeois and Proletarians, section 2:Read MoreManifesto Of The Communist Party, Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels927 Words   |  4 Pages In Manifesto of the Communist Party, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels outline the issues associated with the division of society into two groups: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie is a group that encompasses modern capitalists. The proletariat group pertains to the modern working class. While these two groups appear in today’s world, the authors make it evident that all throughout history there has been a division in society between oppressors and oppressed. They mention that in The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels... The publication of â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† - in which Marxism first appeared as an influential political worldview - was a significant historical event. The book was published by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels on the eve of the revolution of 1848-1849. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† is considered as an important programmatic document of scientific communism. The book shows the depressed position of the proletariat in bourgeois society and opened a world-historical mission of the working class. Class struggle had a special meaning in Marxism. From the first paragraphs of â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, it is understandable that the whole history of the world consists of class struggles. From the viewpoint of Marx and Engels, class struggle will always be everywhere, in every society, where antagonistic classes exist. Marxists believe that the class struggle develops in three main ways: 1. Economic – proletariat struggles for the improvements of the conditions of their labor, the reduction of working hours, and higher wages. 2. Political – proletarian class struggles for its interests and for the dictatorship of its class. 3. Ideological – struggles against bourgeois and their ideology, which contributes a socialist consciousness in the working class. The main achievement of the bourgeois was that it â€Å"has agglomerated population, centralized means of production and has concentrated property in a few hands†(Marx and Engels 1848:12). So, the power was in bourgeoisies’ hands. TheyShow MoreRelated Karl Marx and His Radical Views Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx and His Radical Views Karl Marx[i] Karl Marx is among the most important and influential of all modern philosophers who expressed his ideas on humans in nature. According to the University of Dayton, â€Å"the human person is part of a larger history of life on this planet. Through technology humans have the power to have an immense effect on that life.†[ii] The people of his time found that the impact of the Industrial Revolution would further man’s success within thisRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto, By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesThe Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto was drafted under the commission of the Communist League, a body that consisted of a group of radical workers who were disgruntled by the abject poverty of the working class in industrialized Europe. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the authors of the Communist Manifesto, lived at a time when the gap between the rich and the poor was becoming evidently wide, and the working class was struggling to survive. The Communist Manifesto is a result of contextRead MoreAnalysis Of Karl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1618 Words   |  7 Pages Opening with the famous statement â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† is Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ The Communist Manifesto. Published in 1848, the political pamphlet exercised the belief that communism would dispel capitalism and perpetual class struggles caused by the bourgeoisie, which had remained unchanged as modes of production evolved. Stemming from its o rigin â€Å"common,† communism proposes the idea of a post-capitalist, classless society whereRead MoreAnalysis Of Karl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1898 Words   |  8 Pages Opening famously with â€Å"the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† is Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ The Communist Manifesto. Published in 1848, the political pamphlet exercised the belief that communism would dispel capitalism and perpetual class struggles caused by the bourgeoisie, which had remained unchanged as modes of production evolved. Stemming from its origin â€Å"common,† communism proposes the idea of a post-capitalist, classless society where all propertyRead MoreLenin13422 Words   |  54 PagesSocial Democratic Labour Party Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) | Spouse(s) | Nadezhda Krupskaya (married 1898–1924) | Profession | Lawyer, revolutionary, politician | Religion | None (atheist) | Signature | | Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Russian: Ð’Ð »Ã °Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã'€ ИÐ »Ã'Å'Ð ¸Ã'‡ ЛÐ µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã ½, IPA:  [vlÉ Ã‹Ë†dÊ ²imÊ ²Ã‰ ªr É ªlÊ ²Ã‹Ë†jitÍ ¡Ã‰â€¢ ˈlÊ ²enÊ ²Ã‰ ªn]  ( listen); born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, Russian: Ð’Ð »Ã °Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã'€ ИÐ »Ã'Å'Ð ¸Ã'‡ Ð £Ã »Ã'Å'Ã' Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ²; 22 April  [O.S. 10 April]  1870  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 21 January 1924) was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political

The Controversial Issue Of Abortion - 865 Words

Today, people have the right to voice their thoughts regarding a topic, rather they’re different or alike, creating a new philosophy about it, or supporting the traditional belief. In regards to the topic, Abortion has been a subject of controversial matters. Some believing they have the right to do such an act while others would absolutely disagree. Before supporting such an act or not, we typically take into consideration the goods and bads of the action first. While taking a life might be one of the more foreseeable cons of the act, there are good outcomes as-well. Such as, not having said child endure hardship during their life. That child being the difference between a mother having the means to support herself or not. Lastly, that child doesn t have to suffer more due to the condition of that unprepared parent. No child should be brought into this world only to live a short life and meet the same fate as they would have if they have been aborted. On the other hand, I sid e with those who agree. Not to be referred to as a â€Å"baby killer† but as someone who has an idea of the consequences of copulation, rather it s intended or in some cases unintended. As stated by Dorothy Fadiman in the magazine article â€Å"When abortion was illegal† We are at a juncture in human evolution, where we either must allow individuals to create appropriate alternatives within their own lives and communities, or we re going to destroy ourselves.(Fadimen par.10) In other words, outcomes weShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion878 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent discussions of abortion, the controversial issue has become whether or not women should be given the right to take their unborn child’s life away. Many believe in all having the right to live while others believe in the right to be given a choice. Women do not want to be given restrictions, they want to be able to have a voice when making decisions. With abortion women have a hard t ime making their decision based upon the judgement others make if the decision of abortion is followed throughRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue1256 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is a very controversial issue. To first start out abortion is the deliberate termination of a woman’s pregnancy, most often performed within the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. People can either be pro-choice or pro-life for abortion. Being pro-choice means that people believe that it is a woman’s choice to get an abortion if they want one. Pro-life means people believe no matter what if a woman is pregnant they should have the baby; no abortion. I intent to explain why women who get pregnantRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue Of Abortion Essay2668 Words   |  11 PagesAbortion is terminating a pregnancy before the fetus has been born. Abortion has been and still is very controversial and has had an increasing amount of cases all over the world. In 2000 there were over one million abortions in the United States (Harper, et al., 501). Abortion is one of the most common procedures women undergo. According to the current abortion rates about thirty percent of women will have an abortion by the age of forty-five (Jones and Kavanaugh, 2011). Most abortions are attributedRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion1555 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of abortion in the United States has been and remains one of the most controversial issues in western culture and politics. An abortion can be defined as the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive on its own. This comprises two major forms of abortion: spontaneous, which is often referred to as a miscarriage or induced abortion, which is the deliberate termination of a pregnancy. The term is commonly used to refer to the induced abortion, and this is the abortion, which hasRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue911 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is a controversial issue in many countries all the time and there are always two sides of abortion. Pro-life supporters believe that abortion is immoral, so they argue that it should be illegal because an unborn baby is life. However, they do not figure out that woman who is on the inevitable situation such as infection, rape, or extreme poverty would still have the abortion even though the abortion is illegal. Many women die due to unsafe abortion, which is illegal and performed by uneducatedRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue843 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion has been a very controversial issue in the United States for the past several decades. Many people think that is it morally wrong. To say that something is morally wrong is an opinion. Since everyone’s opinions are different on this topic there have been many court cases and protests against abortion. However there are a lot of people out there that believe that abortion is a rightful decision. My personal opinion on the abortion controversy is that every woman should have theRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue882 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroying human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that’s become debatable in politics. In addition, these researches will describe the different issues of abortion, such as, legal laws on abortion, res triction of abortions, rate of abortion and consequences of the abortion. Abortion isRead MoreAbortion: a Controversial Issue1159 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion: A Controversial Issue One of the major controversial issues confronting the society today is abortion. I choose abortion as the topic of discussion since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the extraction of the human fetus from the mothers womb with an intention to end the life of that fetus prior to its natural birth. The controversy surrounding abortion is whether it should be legalized or not? In my opinion, abortion is morally and ethically wrong because it leadsRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue989 Words   |  4 Pagesaverage total of abortions performed annually in America (operationrescue.org). Abortion is a very controversial issue in the United States and all across the globe. First, I will discuss the different types of abortion. Next, I will explain when the abortions are performed. Then, I will share some of the laws regarding abortion in the United States. Finally, I will express my views on abortion. Abortion should be illegal in all states. First, I will discuss the various types of abortion. There are threeRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortions1443 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at them. This includes their reproductive system, which worldwide has caused many controversial issues that will be further looked upon throughout this paper. When the word â€Å"Abortion† is heard, a heated argument often arises between couples, families, governments, and most commonly throughout women’s minds around the world. Over the past hundred years, the topic of abortions has been an ongoing issue. Many people agree to this practice, while others see it as completely absurd. In the past

VARK Analysis Essay Example For Students

VARK Analysis Essay VARK Analysis: Learning Styles Grand Canyon University Introduction According to Kumar el al learning style preference is the manner that allows the individual to learn most efficiently and effectively. A vast majority of students who have completed the VARK analysis are auditory (aural) learners, according to a study completed by Breckler el al L]. An aural learner remembers and repeats ideas that are verbally presented and can repeat or fulfill verbal instructions, is an excellent listener and learns concepts well by listening to lectures and audio tapes. An aural learner likes to talk, enjoys music, plays and dramas. Preferential learning strategies are to have things explained verbally, mentally repeat them, verbally repeat if necessary. Discussing topics with teachers and peers and attending classes, discussions and tutorials is a preferred manner of study for aural learners. Aural learners are more likely to explain new ideas to others. Aural learners are most likely to recall interesting Jokes, stories, and examples to share with others. Methodology Personal preferred learning strategies are attending classes and listening to lectures. Quickly Jotting down key words and phrases helps to recall the subject referential method of studying, where ideas can be verbalized and worked through. Quietly reviewing the information in my head prior to any type of examination has been the best way for me to recall the information and insure the understanding of the concepts. The identified learning strategies for auditory learners are comparative to the above personal preferred learning strategies. The VARK guide to learning strategies describes auditory learners as people who like to attend classes, discussions and tutorials all which align with my personal learning style. I also like to have group iscussions and open discussion with my professors regarding topics of interest or of the particular area of study as the VARK study guide to learning strategies lists as a strong preference for learning by aural learners. The VARK study guide to learning strategies states that aural learners like to use tape recorders and leave spaces in their notes for later recall and filling, however, these are not my preferred study habits. I do not record lectures; I have tried that in the past and found that it annoys me to listen to the same lectures with the same background noise, so much that I Just une out the lecture all together. I very rarely take notes, what I do take, ends up being more of a list of key terms and pages to look over certain diagrams and such. The VARK does state that aural learners take poor notes and I would align with that concept well, I prefer to verbally review my understanding of the topic with others, this helps me to recall the information and grasp the concept. Results After taking the VARK assessment and reviewing the results there are many things that can be done to improve my current study habits. Since on-line courses are more lexible and convenient, I will now imagine that I am talking with my professor and allow the conversation to exist in my head. I will now read aloud the lecture notes and explain my notes to another aural person. Reading the lecture notes aloud, summarizing the notes and then discussing them with my colleges to see if they understand the topic will help me measure my understanding of the topic, is another suggestion provided by the VARK assessment that I will attempt in order to improve my study habits. According to Faber C], auditory learners will find it much easier to nderstand what they need to do if they hear it, therefore by verbalizing my studies I can reach my desired outcome of improvement in retention of the course material. .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b , .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b .postImageUrl , .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b , .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b:hover , .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b:visited , .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b:active { border:0!important; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b:active , .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uabbc37bf31d7df30daad3ed07c14839b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Incidental Gift of Life EssayConclusion The VARK assessment was designed to provide educators with the knowledge of vast learning styles to respect the diversity of the learners, Kumar el al 0. The VARK assessment provides the educators with the knowledge that the students have the ability to learn in different ways if the methods of teaching are appropriate to the students preference, Kumar el al [ The VARK assessment is a great tool for tudents to identify their learning styles and enhance their study skills. The VARK assessment tool should be used at many different levels not Just the collegiate level enhance students studying abilities at an earlier age, therefore making the transition to college level would be easier for those who struggle with studying. References Breckler, J. , Teoh, C. , Role, K. (2011, December). Academic performance and learning style self- predictions by second language students in an introductory biology course . Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning,11(4), 26-43 Faber, K. 2013, April). Supporting pupils with Different Learning Styles 2. British Journal of School Nursing, 8(3), 154. Kumar, A. , Smirti, A. , Pratap, S. , Krishnee, G. (2010, November 30). An Analysis of Gender Differences in Learning Style Preferences among . Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine Pathology, 5(1), 9-16. The VARK Questionnaire Results Your scores were: Visual: 3 Aural: 11 Read/Write: 5 Kinesthetic: 6 You can find more information about your learning preferences in our downloadable book: How Do I Learn Best? a students guide to improved learning More Information You have a strong Aural learning preference. Use the following helpsheets for study strategies that apply to your learning preference: aural Personal Learning Profile Report The VARK questionnaire provides four scores and the various combinations of those scores are huge in number. You can order a report based on your specialized profile. Every attempt is made to personalize the report so that it addresses the meanings from your learning preferences in a unique way. You will receive a report personalised to your VARK scores, as a PDF file, immediately after purchasing. More Information Example Report Purchase

The Great Depression Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Great Depression Essay Thesis The great depression, whose cause was the fall of the stock market in 1929, which created panic among individuals, investors, and the financial institutions which by 1932, had spread widely. Many people were greatly affected by the depression including consumers, investors, and even the regular workforces. Outline1 What is  the  Great Depression?2 Causes  of the Great Depression?3 How the Great Depression  was eliminated What is  the  Great Depression? This was an austere international monetary depression and introduction of it begins in USA mainly in 1930s. Dates fluctuate among the states, in some nations it began in 1928, through 1929 and continued till the 1930s. The great depression  occurrence began in the USA following a significant drop in stock costs which become global newsflash with the stock market boom generally known as the black market in the 20s, interest rates too low levels but the continued hesitancy of individuals to borrow and the impending depreciation meant that consumer assets and spending were low. During the great depression, everything was falling apart, and nobody expected to face this reality. We will write a custom essay on The Great Depression Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The great depression  broke at a time when the United Kingdom was still yet to recover from the long effects  of the First World War which is a decade earlier. That was when the global GDP fell by an expected 15%, and even though some economies started to regain in the 20s, research  shows that it still has a negative effect long till the beginning of world war 11 in many countries. The great depression  effect in most countries is not limited to the only decline in stock prices but also modest particular tax, profit and price fell, and as a matter of facts, international trade listed by more than 50%, and redundancy rate increased to 25% and increased excessive to 33% in particular states during the great depression. A lot of publications about the great depression  have been written in different formats. One of such is a novel published in 1939 with the title ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ by John Steinbeck. This publication will show how was seen the economy and the society needs during the great depression. Causes  of the Great Depression? The cause of the Great Depression was a topic  of discussion among several gatherings. Though it was widely accepted that the great depression  occurred primarily as a result of the fall of stock price, there are situations which triggered the fall of stock price. Ben Bernanke, the past chairman of the Federal Reserve, he held the thesis  that the central bank was the architect of the great depression  due to some perilous slip-ups. We want to outline five causes  of the Great Depression,  which can be seen also as a real example  of the past reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  It started when the central bank raised the Federal Reserve capitals amount in 1928. It maintained till the beginning of the decline which happened in August 1992.   Ã‚  Ã‚  When gold standards reinforced the worth of dollars held by the U.S administration, investors, during the great depression, switched to the circulation markets as soon as the stock market collapsed which make speculators to initiate trading for their dollars for gold in September 1931 which as a result, shaped a run on the dollar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  This made the federal bank raised the interest rates again to keep the dollar’s rate which further constrained the accessibility of cash for companies. As a result, insolvencies start occurring frequently. Money for teens was no longer an option, and the adults were already filled with debts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Instead of the federal bank to circulate money to increase the quantity of money and combat deflation but they didn’t.   Ã‚  Ã‚  This prompt investor withdrew all their deposits from banks as the situation destroyed any of customer’s confidence in financial institutions which further decreased the money supply. And as a result, the central bank allows the total supply of U.S dollar fall by 30%. .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 , .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 .postImageUrl , .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 , .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71:hover , .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71:visited , .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71:active { border:0!important; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71:active , .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71 .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u071b09841f796bcdf9d499494fe7ec71:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Similarities between war in Iraq and Vietnam EssayAs a matter of facts, many economists have argued that, even if during the great depression many factors have changed the progress of this process, the sharp deterioration in international trade was after 1930 which also helped to worsen the situation, most especially for countries who are overly dependent on foreign trade. Though international trade was a small part of the whole economic activity in the U.S, who concentrated on much mediocre business like farming, foreign trade happens to be a much more significant factor in many other countries. How the Great Depression  was eliminated As a conclusion, we can say that most countries started recovering from it in 1933. However, the United States found it difficult to return to the 1929 GNP for over a decade and their unemployment rate not less than 15% IN 1940 albeit a high decrease from the high rate of 25% in 1933. In 1932, U.S opt for a new era that will bring great depression  to an end instead of a short-term solution. A new president, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected, and he promised to create federal programs to stop the great depression. The new president approached the situation with a brighter solution and within the next few days. Over twenty-five percent of the workforce was unemployed when he was elected, and he reopened the banks all over the nation this information hold the front pages’ title. He fulfilled his promise by signing the new agreement into law and produced 42 new agencies. The new deals gave to the poor people the help and stability they needed, including money for teens. These agencies were intended to deliver unemployment insurance, allow unionization and create jobs. Many of these plans involved the Securities and Exchange Commission, The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and social security. These programs which still exist till today support safeguard the economy and serve as a preventive measure against another depression.

Voodoo essays

Voodoo essays Voodoo and Its Misinterpretation in America Voodoo is a religion rich in heiratage and founded in faith and community. The religion has been villianized by western culture and has been wrongly protrayed as malignant and dangerous. The religion is not founded in any of the black magics or fear popularized by Hollywood films, but rather it is based on balance and tradition. The religion is not something which should be encountered with inhibition or fear induced from childhood horror stories, but embraced for its strength and history. Voodoo (also known as Vodun, Vodou, Umbanda, Quimbanda, and Candomble) originated as an amalgam of African religions during the slave trade. As slaves were shipped from Africa to the Carribean and America, groups of slaves sharing a similier heretage were broken apart to prevent any since of community or bond between them. With no connection beyond the tortures of slavery, the slaves had little chance to establish any relationship to thier fellow captives. Hailing from lifestyles and cultures far removed from each other, the only opportunity for a common bond came from sharing their deep faiths. Though different religions, the intense faiths allowed an intellectual exchange and common bond. With several different religions present in any given group of slaves, the majority of slaves adapted by holding a service which accepted all lineages and respected all ancestreal lines of faith, both aspects being of primary concerns in African religions. These services were effective in blending the rites and practices of many religions into one combination religion. This adaption effectively created a new religion, Voodoo, which translates to spirit in several African languages. This new religion gave the slaves a since of alliance with their nieghboring slaves and, with that alliance, a since of community. This new found unity was viewed as a threat to the French ...

Shakespeares Sonnet 116 Study Guide

Shakespeare's Sonnet 116 Study Guide What is Shakespeare saying in Sonnet 116? Study this poem and you will discover that 116 is one of the best-loved sonnets in the folio because it can be read as a wonderfully celebratory nod to love and marriage. Indeed it continues to feature in wedding ceremonies worldwide. Expressing Love The poem expresses love in the ideal; never ending, fading, or faltering. The final couplet of the poem has the poet willing this perception of love to be true and professes that if it is not and if he is mistaken, then all of his writing has been for nothing–and no man, including himself, has ever truly loved. It is perhaps this sentiment that ensures Sonnet 116s continuing popularity in being read weddings. The idea that love is pure and eternal is as heart-warming today as it was in Shakespeares time. It is an example of that special skill that Shakespeare had, namely the ability to tap into timeless themes that relate to everyone, no matter which century they were born in. The Facts Sequence: Sonnet 116 forms part of the Fair Youth Sonnets  in the folio.Key Themes: Constant love, Ideal love, enduring love, marriage, fixed points, and wandering.Style:  Like Shakespeares other sonnets, Sonnet 116 is written in iambic pentameter  using the traditional sonnet form. A Translation Marriage has no impediment. Love is not real if it alters when circumstances change or if one of the couple has to leave or be elsewhere. Love is constant. Even if the lovers face difficult or trying times, their love is not shaken if it is true love. In the poem, love is described as star guiding a lost boat: â€Å"It is the star to every wandering bark.† The star’s worth cannot be calculated even though we can measure its height. Love does not change over time, but physical beauty will fade. (Comparison to the grim reaper’s scythe should be noted here–even death should not alter love.) Love is unchanging through hours and weeks but lasts until the edge of doom. If I am wrong about this and it is proved then all my writing and loving is for nothing and no man has ever really loved: â€Å"If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved.† Analysis The poem does refer to marriage, but to the marriage of minds rather than the actual ceremony. Let us also remember that the poem is describing love for a young man and this love would not be sanctioned in Shakespeare’s time by an actual marriage service. However, the poem uses words and phrases evocative of the marriage ceremony including â€Å"impediments† and â€Å"alters†Ã¢â‚¬â€œalthough both used in a different context. The promises a couple make in marriage are also echoed in the poem: Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,But bears it out ev’n to the edge of doom. This is reminiscent of the â€Å"till death do us part† vow in a wedding. The poem is referring to ideal love which does not falter and lasts until the end, which also reminds the reader of the wedding vow, â€Å"in sickness and in health†. Therefore, it is little surprise that this sonnet remains a steadfast favorite in wedding ceremonies today. The text conveys how powerful love is. It cannot die and is everlasting.   The poet then questions himself in the final couplet, praying that his perception of love is real and true, because if it is not then he may as well not be a writer or a lover and that would surely be a tragedy.

History of psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History of psychology - Essay Example This reality manifests itself in the American social context with regard to the high element of materialism. Various marketing campaigns target the consumptive nature of the American public with various goods and services, which are billed as the most fashionable, trendy, and the most advanced. The desire to live within the context of the American dream of limitless success often makes people to seek the attainment of these goals. Many times, the American people undergo tremendous painful experiences in their desire to achieve or obtain the goods and services that are marketed in various media outlets. According to Buddha, humans ought to control their desire and cravings for things in order to achieve for higher levels of spiritualism. The pain that Buddha describes is usually understood within the context of greed (Eckel 92). It is brought out as a consequence of human greed and other failings that have to be moderated through the attainment of higher levels of consciousness. The argument presented in this philosophy could further be explained in terms of the natural weakness of humans to overcome their appetites. The capacity to overcome the appetite for material things and higher services should, therefore, mark the apex of

British Involvement in Arabic Peninsula Dissertation

British Involvement in Arabic Peninsula - Dissertation Example However, the interest into the Arabic Peninsula is motivated by the beautiful landscape of the place. The terrain and climate of the Peninsula had successfully kept away any adventurers for years. The British contact into the area was just on the individual level and not on governmental level at all (ROGERS, 2006). These individuals were mainly explorers who were visiting the place, and many other places around the world, for adventure. It is through the activity of these explorers that the world came to know about the Arabic peninsula. Some of the outstanding explorers were Charles Doughty and Richard Burton who get the credit for opening up this place to the western world. The peninsula’s location in the Arabic region was the spark to the British interest. For a long time, traffic from between the Orient and Europe used to pass through a corridor which bordered the Sahara on the south-west, and the mountains of turkey and Persia on the north-eastern region. It is along this corridor that the Arabic peninsula stretches. The corridor was, therefore, completely not penetrable. Explorers and people on adventure had to pass around the region by either going through Syria towards the Euphrates and then down to the Gulf, or across the Red Sea through Egypt. Even though Vasco da Gama had discovered the Cape route in the 15th century, the all-sea route was still preferred by many who sought to go around Africa. In the beginning of Britain’s interests in the Middle East, the main objective was commercially motivated. It was in the 17th century that the British government started to show interest in the Arabic Peninsula. During this time, the East India Company opened new offices in locations around the region such as the Red Sea, Basra and the Persian Gulf coast. The company main objective was to seek for new markets in the Middle East region. Although the intention of the British was purely economic at first, it started to take a political perspective towards the end of the 18th century (BALFOUR-PAUL, 1994). During this time, the British had already consolidated the Indian empire and, therefore, cared less about the local trade ventures. Consequently, they turned their interests to the strategic location of the Gulf because it was a major route into India. Because of this, the British administration turned all the offices in the region outside India from trade centers into political and diplomatic hubs. These centers were now used for purposes preservation and protection of the British’s interests in the region. The British notably coined some clever treaties that enabled them to preserve and protect their presence in the region. In these treaties, the British offered to protect the local Arabian rulers from their rivals in return of the Britons dominance in the region. The British, therefore, achieved the command of the Indian Ocean gateways. In this way, they were able to deny any other international powers the ports of the sea. When the British learnt of a Napoleonic entry into Egypt, they sought an agreement with the Sultan of Muscat so that they can prevent the French from expanding their territories towards the Arabic Gulf region. In other measures to protect their interests in the Arabic Peninsula region, the British signed numerous treaties with the surrounding kingdoms. These treaties were aimed at reducing piracy in the Gulf region and to safe guard trade. British have been consistent in fighting off other colonies that posed a threat to the Britons’ supremacy in the Gulf region. Among these are the Egyptians, French and Russians who have posed threat to the Ottoman Empire. The British are much concerned with the interference of the Russians, who have showed increased

Special Ed. Essay Example for Free

Special Ed. Essay With the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2001 and revisions of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), schools have implemented the pre-referral process encouraging individual based level of education for a particular student. Historically, before recent updates to state and federal special education guidelines, students typically received special attention to their specific needs through parent conferences, generic observations, a few general intervention techniques, psychological evaluation, or simply a review of report cards, social records. Since the implementation of IDEA, students are now receiving proactive approaches to match his or her level of need. Two such approaches of evaluating individual students are Positive Behavior Support (PBS) and Response to Intervention (RTI). Both PBS and RTI are structured on a different model, but both have the same goals. Each intervention approach takes into account components and accounts for critical universal factors that target a specific individual, group, or level. These two models offer a range of interventions that are scientifically applied to a student, based on the student’s level of needs through previous monitoring in the classroom. Response to Intervention (RTI) is defined as â€Å"the practice of providing high-quality instruction and interventions matched to student need, monitoring progress frequently to make decisions about changes in instruction or goals, and applying child response data to important educational decisions† (Batsche et al. , 2006). RTI has emerged as the more popular of the two intervention model’s and has been accepted by most schools in the United States, as the new way of thinking about early intervention and identifying a child’s educational disability. The RTI approach considers the application of an individual student’s difficulties in schools by evaluating student’s environment and then provides intervention as soon as the student shows signs difficulty, lack of focus, or academic problems. The goal of RTI is to ensure all students receive the highest quality of education and instruction and reduce any possible false referrals to unnecessary classes, or programs. RTI has a three tier model for also eliminating unqualified teachers as a reason for a student’s lack of performance, or grades. For example in, tier I of the three modeled tier, teachers are required to implement different teaching techniques in order to gauge a student’s performance and focus toward learning. This form of teaching is a method only most qualified teachers can provide in the RTI process. Tier one is described as a universal assessment using formal and informal instructional techniques. Tier two targets students that have not made progress in a given amount of time and are monitored frequently. These students are considered as having some academic weakness. Tier three is more of an intensive intervention and for students that do not respond to instruction form tier two. Tier three students may be eligible for special education classes and programs. When a student is evaluated and qualifies for tier three, the students will be specially monitored and eventually reviewed for receiving an individual educational program (IEP). Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS), is based more on a model of how to solve inappropriate behavior and prevent that behavior through teaching and reinforcing appropriate behaviors. â€Å"Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBIS) is a process for creating school environments that are more predictable and effective for achieving academic and social goals. For some schools, PBIS will enhance their current systems and practices, for others it will radically change the culture for the better† (www. cms. k12. nc. us). Positive Behavioral Intervention and Supports (PBIS) is a systemic approach to proactive, school-wide behavior based on a Response to Intervention (RTI) model. â€Å"The concept of PBIS has been researched in education for approximately 15 years† (www. cms. k12. nc. us) and has been implemented successfully in thousands of schools in over 40 states. PBIS applies evidence-based programs, practices and strategies for all students to increase academic performance, improve safety, decrease problem behavior, and establish a positive school culture. Schools implementing PBIS build on existing strengths, complementing and organizing current programming and strategies. The PBIS model had resulted in dramatic reductions in disciplinary interventions and increases in academic achievement. Data-based decision making is a hallmark of PBIS and is a scientific approach to the pre-referral process to special education. There are many ways to define, or explain the concepts of PBIS and RTI, but each provides a specific three tiered pre-referral process to special education that will enhance the quality of life for students participating in these interventions. Whichever intervention a student is placed, he, or she should receive a higher quality education and instruction. Elements common in these models indicate a system of intervention based on a student’s performance that will indicated whether there is a legitimate learning disability, not just the need for additional instruction for no reason. References RESPONSE TO INTERVENTION. (2006). In Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of the Handicapped and Other Exceptional Children and Adults. Retrieved May 23, 2012, from: http:library. gcu. edu:2048/login? qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. cred oreference. com/entry/ wileyse/response_to_intervention CPI Educate. Empower. Enrich. (2012). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from: http://www. crisisprevention. com/Resources/Knowledge-Base/Positive-Behavior-Support SEDL Advancing research, improving education (2012). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from : http://www. sedl. org/pubs/sedl-letter/v19n02/rti. html CMS Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools. (2011). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from: http://www. cms. k12. nc. us/cmsdepartments/PBIS/Pages/default. aspx Response to Intervention (2012). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from: http://www. nasponline. org/resources/handouts/revisedPDFs/rtiprimer. pdf

Comparing the Life of Tennessee Williams and Glass Menagerie Essay

Parallels in the Life of Tennessee Williams and The Glass Menagerie   Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams is one the major writers of the mid-twentieth century. His work includes the plays, The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire. One theme of The Glass Menagerie is that hopeful aspirations are followed by inevitable disappointments. This theme is common throughout all of Williams' work and throughout his own life as well. It is shown through the use of symbols and characters.    "I have only one major theme for my work, which is the destructive impact of society on the sensitive non-conformist individual (Williams Netscape)." Symbols help to show the dreams and desires that the characters long for and also the restrictions that keep them from fulfilling those dreams. In The Glass Menagerie, the fire escape symbolizes the way for Amanda Wingfield to bring a man into the house to save her and her daughter. To Tom, the fire escape is a means of escape from the house that traps him- a path to the outside world (Susquehanna. "New Critical"). Rainbows in The Glass Menagerie symbolize hope and are associated with hopeful situations (Susquehanna. "New Critical.) When Tom Wingfield receives a rainbow-colored scarf at the magic show, he is amazed at the fact it turned a bowl of goldfish into flying canaries. Just like the canaries, Tom hopes to fly away- fly away to escape his imprisonment (Susquehanna. "New Critical"). At the end of the play when Tom looks at the "pi eces of colored glass, like bits of a shattered rainbow (Williams 137)", he remembers that he has left his sister behind and prays that he will be able to move on without her. Even though the rainbows appear to be positive signs throughout the book, they eventually all... ...s something they can relate to. His honesty through his writings brings hope to people looking for it.    Works Cited Haley, Darryl. "Certain Moral Values: A Rhetoric of Outcasts in the Plays of Tennessee Wililiams." 1997 < http://www.angelfire.com/al/haley002/Proctectus.html > Susquehanna University. "New Critical." Online Posting. < http://www.susqu.edu/ac_depts/arts_sci/english/lharris/class/williams/new.htm > Susquehanna University. "Biographical Criticism." Online Posting. < http://www.susqu.edu/ac_depts/arts_sci/english/lharris/class/williams/auto.htm > "Biography of Tennessee Williams : Playwright, Poet, and Screenwriter." American Decades CDROM 1.0. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998 Weales, Geralt. "Tennessee Williams." Scribner Writer Series, Comprehensive Edition. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1997.

Asset Liability Management in Banks

5 Asset and Liability Management (ALM) 29. There are different organizational and governance models that guide the management of bank asset and liability activities. The models reflect fundamentally different risk philosophies that tend to evolve with the growing sophistication and depth of financial markets together with the position and activities undertaken by a bank in the market. The terms ‘ALM unit’ and ‘treasury unit’, can be confusing as they are often used by organizations who assign different responsibilities to them – this will be explained below. 5. 1 Key aspects that influence a banks approach 0. The evolution of models is driven by differing philosophies about the role of the treasury or the ALM unit and banks in markets at different stages of development often regard the treasury unit differently. 31. In emerging markets the treasury function is usually simplistic and a support function mainly focused on liquidity management and basic f oreign exchange activity. In these banks, it is not uncommon to have a prohibition on involvement in more sophisticated capital markets transactions such as derivatives due to lack of knowledge and suspicion about the instruments. Such markets can suffer from poorly developed capital markets that provide little capacity to offset the risks assumed from the customer franchise. The result is often that these banks are slow to evolve and run risks, without knowing it, which can threaten their very survival. 32. In developing markets the treasury function usually begins to take on more structure, more activities and a broader mandate. At the simpler end of the spectrum it can assume full balance sheet management responsibility, involving itself in more complex analytics and hedging activities. At the more complex end it can assume trading and market making responsibilities for a range of capital market products that are used in hedging but also are provided to customers. This can often be referred to as an ‘integrated treasury function’, with profit making as well as hedge management the central themes. 33. In developed markets the model usually evolves by separating out the trading and market making functions into a more customer centric unit such s a capital markets or institutional banking division, with a subsequent refocusing of the core ALM functions on more detailed analysis, and management of the banks’ assets, liabilities and capital base. Treasury becomes more of a service centre in these banks, providing assistance and support with pricing and analytics to customer facing divisions. The ALM or balance sheet can often be managed aggressively through the use of 11 | P a g e derivative contracts. Funds transfer pricing mechanisms are used extens ively to create economic transparency and to immunize business units to risk. 4. In all models the ALM function reports to either the CEO / CFO with the CFO generally having the day to day responsibility for the ALM core functions. Under all models it is important to establish a clear understanding of activities and risk thresholds in the Treasury function and ensure the risk framework is aligned to the operating structure and market realities. Establishing a governance structure within which the board of the bank is fully informed and cognisant of the risks being run is a critical and mandatory component. 35. It is in the more developed markets that the Chief Risk Officer function has developed and come to represent the single independent point of oversight both internally and externally. 5. 2 Focus on some key ALM activities 36. Successful ALM units create a properly aligned risk and return management process. The right mix between skills and risk appetite must be identified, expected outcomes of activities known and appropriate metrics established. The approach adopted needs to be aligned to the realities of the market the bank is operating within and to its desired risk appetite. 5. . 1 Mismatch Management and Performance Measurement 37. A bank needs to decide whether it wants to take a relatively neutral approach to ALM risks or is prepared to take a more aggressive approach and target higher long term earnings and an increase in economic value. Irrespective of the choice made, a bank needs to realise that the right level of skills and resources need to be committed to support the fun ction. Failure to do this can result in a poorly managed operation characterised by volatility in; core earnings/margin; economic value, and; unpredictable economic results. 8. The mismatch position of the balance sheet represents the interest rate and liquidity risk profile inherent. Assuming a single portfolio without hedges, a large and well diversified bank, with transactions weighted broadly across all market segments, will find that its balance sheet will naturally take on countercyclical characteristics as the business environment consolidates through the economic cycle. This makes sense as the bank is effectively providing customers with solutions they are demanding as they operate in the external environment. The market itself will also provide limitations and one of the areas where this can manifest strongly is on the liability side of the balance sheet. Various techniques are used to examine the mismatch in a bank’s balance sheet and it can be a difficult process if not supported with adequate systems. Depending on systems and analytical support the ALM process will undertake a number of analysis designed to identify; static and dynamic mismatch; sensitivity of net interest income; and, market value under multiple scenarios -including under high stress. 39. The majority of banks set net interest income (NII) limits as a main measure of performance with the more advanced banks also using market or economic value as a secondary measure. NII has become the industry benchmark simulation tool because; it is relatively easy to understand and implement; it’s a single period measure that does not require many assumptions, and; it is easy for investors to relate to because it is directly linked to reported financial results. On the negative side, it is limited as it does not provide a full view of the risks run by a bank or reflect fully the economic impact of interest rate movements. Market value or economic value simulations on the other hand, offer a more complete assessment of the risk being run but require significantly more 12 | P a g e detailed analysis which is out of reach of many banks at this point. The process requires multiple assumptions that are difficult to form in some cases and is less intuitive and more difficult to understand. Notwithstanding the difficulties of the latter, both metrics are important in the measurement and management of embedded risk in banks. In less developed ALM units, the time it takes to collect and analyse information can render much of it useless for active management as by the time it is available markets have moved making hedging ineffective. 40. Access to timely and accurate data is critical in support of any form of ALM activity. 5. 2. 2 Funds Transfer Pricing (FTP) 41. The funds transfer pricing system has become a fundamental ALM tool in a bank. It creates the ability to immunize business units from risk and provides the basis for economic and product transparency. 42. The process of FTP is designed to identify interest margins and remove interest rate and funding or liquidity risk. Looking at it from the business unit perspective, it effectively locks in the margin on loans and deposits by assigning a transfer rate that reflects the repricing and cash flow profile of each balance sheet item – it is applied to both assets and liabilities. From the ALM unit’s perspective, it isolates business performance into discrete portfolios that can be assigned individualised metrics and facilitates the centralisation and management of interest rate mismatches. A by-product is that it effectively allocates responsibilities between the organizational business units and the treasury department. 43. In more developed banks, the FTP mechanism can also be used as a tool to assist with management of the balance sheet structure with FTP rates adjusted to either encourage or discourage product and customer flows. The associated analytical process leads to greater understanding of a bank’s competitive advantage, assisting with asset allocation and protection of the franchise. Similarly, in smaller and/or less developed banks it is of equal value as both a management and strategy tool. 4. The methods used by banks are generally consistent – FTP rates are structured to include both interest rate and funding liquidity risks with the derived transfer yield curve constructed to include appropriate premiums. Such premiums should capture all elements associated with the banks funding cost. These should include the cost of items such as; holdi ng liquidity reserves; optionality costs, where pre-payment rights exist; term funding program costs; and, items such as basis risk. 5. 2. 3 Liquidity Management 45. The main liquidity concern of the ALM unit is the funding liquidity risk embedded in the balance sheet. The funding of long term mortgages and other securitised assets with short term liabilities (the maturity transformation process), has moved to centre stage with the contagion effect of the sub-prime debacle. Both industry and regulators failed to recognise the importance of funding and liquidity as contributors to the crisis and the dependence on short term funding created intrinsic flaws in the business model. Banks must assess the buoyancy of funding and liquidity sources through the ALM process. 46. Banks are in the business of maturity transformation to meet their customers’ requirements and these result in liquidity, interest rate and currency mismatches which need to be managed. ALM 13 | P a g e units have traditionally analysed and ‘managed’ liquidity within pre set limits; however it is only the recent crises that have brought its true importance into focus. Failure to manage effectively can have dire results but the events of recent times have demonstrated that liquidity impacts can be cataclysmic to a bank. 47. Like all areas of risk management, it is necessary to put a workable framework in place to manage liquidity risk. It needs to look at two aspects: 1) Managing liquidity under the business as usual scenario, and 2) Managing liquidity under stress conditions. It also needs to include a number of liquidity measurement tools and establish limits against them. Some of the tools that have become industry standard are shown in Table 2. Table 1 – Selection of Liquidity Measurement Tools Liquidity Management Tool Description / Aim Static Funding Gap Defines the short fall in maturing liabilities required to service maturing assets– it is usually calculated on a maturity bucket basis and is calculated as the net asset osition over total liabilities. Dynamic Cash Flow Gap This includes a measurement based on maturing assets and liabilities plus assumed marketable asset liquidation over a given period. Liquidity Asset Ratios This is the ratio of liquid assets to total liabilities with liquids defined to include items such as cash and cash equivalents, trading account securities, repos investme nts into government securities, etc Concentration Ratios This is an important ratio that reassures the funding from a particular source compared to assets /liabilities or capital. Liquidity Stress Measurement A number of ratios can be examined here looking at multiple low stress and high stress scenarios Source: Modified from GARP 2008 Best Practices presentation. 5 48. At the governance level, boards need to recognise liquidity risk as the ultimate killer. This means a board needs to clearly articulate the risk tolerance of the organization and subject the balance sheet to regular scrutiny. Guiding principles need to be included as part of this process. The following 5 principles are valuable: 1. Diversify sources and term of funding – concentration and contagion were the killers in the recent crisis. . Identify, measure, monitor and control – it is still surprising that many banks do not fully understand the composition of their balance sheet to a sufficient level of detail to allow for management of the risks. 3. Understand the interaction between liquidity and other risks – e. g. basis risk – the flow on impact of an event in on e area can be devastating to others. 4. Establish both tactical and strategic liquidity management platforms – keep a focus on both the forest and the trees. 5. Establish detailed contingency plans and stress test under multiple scenarios regularly.

A Singer I Admire

As we grow older, we find someone to looks up to. Some of us admire celebrities, family, and friends. I admire Andy Lau. A star of over 100 films and one of Asia's most popular singers, Andy Lau was born on September 27, 1961 in Hong Kong. He grew up in a very poor area where there was not even running water. The young Andy had to make up to eight trips a day to collect water for his family. Despite financial problems, Andy's parents encouraged him to do well in school, and upon graduating, he entered the TVB academy, where he studied acting and martial arts. After appearing on television for a couple of years, Lau moved onto films with 1982's Boat People. As was the norm for many young stars at this time, there was an attempt to diversify Lau by having him record an album. While these types of albums usually provide some extra publicity and money for the actor, for Lau they became a second career. His first album I Only Know I Love You came out in 1985 to a minor buzz. It was not until 1990, when Lau had established himself as one of Hong Kong's top actors. Lau's musical career intertwined with his acting, as he began to record songs for the movies he appeared in. Despite his success, Lau's career almost suffered a fatal flaw early on when he refused to sign a contract with TVB. Lau was blacklisted from Hong Kong television, and it was only through the intervention of Chow Yun-Fat (who was a friend of the director of Boat People, Ann Hui) that Lau began to find more work in movies. Despite having a reputation of being hard to work with, Lau continues to be one of Hong Kong's most prolific and bankable actors. In fact, there were times when Lau was so popular that he was working on multiple films as well as recording songs all at once, sleeping in his car as time allowed. This dedication to work seems to have finally paid off in one respect; in 2000 Lau won the Hong Kong Film Award for his work in Running Out of Time. In 2004, he won the prestigious Golden Horse Award for his performance in Infernal Affairs III, the sequel to the popular Infernal Affairs. Western audiences may also be familiar with his performance in the House of Flying Daggers. His singing career reached stellar status in 1990 with the release of the album entitled Would It Be Possible, and his subsequent releases only solidified his status as a marketable singer. [5] For that song, he would win his first 1990 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards. He would then win at least one RTHK award category every year consecutively until the year 2007. From Jade Solid Gold Top 10 Awards, he has won the â€Å"Most Popular Hong Kong Male Artist† award 7 times and the â€Å"Asia Pacific Most Popular Hong Kong Male Artist† award 15 times. He also entered into Guinness World Records for â€Å"Most Awards Won By A Cantopop Male Artist†. By April 2000, he had already won a total unprecedented 292 awards. Andy's success did not come easily. He is known most by insiders for his hard work and drive. Catching some sleep in his car between the midst of recording an album and making a movie is not uncommon for the singer-actor. Yet, Andy managed to excel in both games. As an actor, Andy never settled for two-bit roles or stereotypical characters who only excelled in kung fu. As a singer, Andy never seemed to be satisfied with status quo. Through the two-plus decades that Andy gave to the entertainment world, he persevered, he advanced, and he conquered. In a race to be the best of everything, Andy is the only one crossing the finish line. Andy Lau is an exemplary person. He is multi-talented actor, comedian, and even singer who has come a long way. His past amazes me and his diligence touched me. In my mind, Andy Lau is the role model which is why I admire him.

Catherine the Great essays

Catherine the Great essays Throughout history, Russia has been viewed as a regressive cluster of barely civilized people on the verge of barbarism. In the eighteenth century, ideas of science and secularism grasped hold of Europe, and Russian Czars, realizing how behind Muscovite culture was, sought out this knowledge, attempting to imbed it into Russian society. Catherine II was one of these Czars. She listened to both the ideas of the philosophes and the problems of her people and strove to enlighten Russia by codifying the laws, establishing an elected government, funding hospitals, and forming a functioning school board. Her attempts, however, were met with only partial success. Her reforms received much criticism, especially from the serfs, and Catherine was forced to realize, through the Pugachev Rebellion in 1773, that enlightening all of Russia was an impossibility. Catherine IIs greatest glory was seen in her foreign policies, as she solved two fundamental problems for Russia by winning victorie s over Turkey and Poland. As well, she established a League of Armed Neutrality and spoke out against the French Revolution. Catherines reign created both prosperity and poverty for Russia. In order to decide whether she was truly great, one must evaluate her accomplishments upon the foundation of Russian ideals. At the end of the seventeenth century, Russia was a country in transition. The death of Czar Alexis in 1676 marked a change in Russian society, a movement from traditional Muscovite culture toward new, educated concepts. Reforms in the 1650s divided and weakened the Russian Orthodox Church, and a few bold individuals began to adopt a semi-westernized lifestyle. By western standards, however, Russia still seem backward, and at best, a fringe nation of Europe...without benefit of middle class, universities, academies, or secular culture (Oblensky and Stone 144). The rebellion of the musketeers, or streltsy, in 1682 ex...

26 Lists to Make That Will Help You Improve Your Quality of Life

26 Lists to Make That Will Help You Improve Your Quality of Life Lists make life more manageable. If you’re naturally organized, you likely already know the order and ease they can bring to the chaos we all face very day. If you’re not, and want to be, why not start jotting things down? Lists are  easy to make, easy to read, and make all the things things you want to remember more easier to manage. If you need to feel less overwhelmed, or just want to be more organized, here are 26 lists to make- some for work, some for fun, and some just to keep you sane.1. RecipesNo idea what to make for dinner this week? If you have a list of recipes you’ve been meaning to try, you’ll never be at a loss again.2. MoviesEvery get to your Netflix and completely blank on all those movies you’ve been meaning to see? Make a list! You’ll never have to have the â€Å"I don’t know, what do you want to watch?† conversation again.3. BooksSame goes for the bookstore. Never hit the beach unprepared again.4. TV ShowsS ame thing as Netflix! Keep up with all the shows your friends have been recommending.5. RestaurantsNeed to pick a place to meet a friend or date? Keep a list of new places you want to check out.6. TripsNext time you find yourself with some accumulated time off  and some excess cash, have a list ready of things you’d like to see around the world.7. Cities/Countries to VisitIf you don’t have a specific trip in mind, but might like to explore a new place on the globe, have a list!8. Things to Do  in Your HometownEver feel like you’re not making full use of where you are? Make a list of cool things to do where you live- and never spend another boring Saturday on your couch.9. PasswordsNo matter what site you’ve completely forgotten your account information for, you have a list for that.10. Daily To-DosNothing is more satisfying than crossing these puppies off as you go through your day.11. A â€Å"Done† ListMake a new list of all the things you did today as you do them. Then look back at the accumulated tasks completed and pat yourself on the back.12. A Bucket ListMake a list of all the things you want to do in your life, big and small. And start checking those things off!13. Short-Term GoalsThis should contain all the things you want to do this week/month/year.14. Long-Term GoalsSave those bigger things you want to do during the next 5-10 years for this list.15. Professional AccomplishmentsJot down everything awesome you do at work and every compliment you get. This one is great for a day when you’re feeling down- and even better for resume-writing time!16. Things You Want in Your Next JobKeep track of the things you notice that make you work your best and use that as your criteria on the job search.17. DIY ProjectsAll those things you’ve really been meaning to get done. Sweaters you’ve been meaning to knit.18. Home ImprovementLeaky faucet? Need a new rug? Write it down and hold yourself accountable.19. GroceriesNever be caught adrift in the aisles again. Keep a running list so you know you didn’t forget toilet paper on your weekly shop.20. DrugstoreSame idea. You need Q-tips but won’t be going to CVS for a few days? Write it down. Otherwise you could forget them every trip for months.21. Wardrobe WishesNeed a new coat for the coming winter? A cute swimsuit for a vacation? Keep track of that stuff and you’ll save money by shopping only for what you know you really want and need.22. Important DatesRemember your best friends’ anniversaries and birthdays and significant dates. Be thoughtful with the people you love most.23. Due DatesIf you’re forgetful, this is key to making sure you’re never caught without a project complete on time.24. Quotes Your LoveNext time you need inspiration, you can consult your list of quotations that really get you fired up.25.  Things to be Thankful ForRemind yourself how great your life is and how lucky you are . You’d be surprised at how positive this can be.26. Things That Make You HappyNever be bored or blue again. Give yourself a reason to smile. Or fake it ‘til you make it and it will get better soon.

EXAM # 2 - Dunkin Brands Group, Inc. (DNKN) Research Paper

EXAM # 2 - Dunkin Brands Group, Inc. (DNKN) - Research Paper Example According to the firm’s 2013 Annual Report the specific strategy offers to the company the following advantage: being released from the costs related to the daily operations of its restaurants, the firm is able to emphasize on sectors that are critical for the business success, such as ‘menu innovation, marketing and franchisee support’ (2013 Annual Report, p. 1). The above strategy of Dunkin’ Brands Group can be characterized as an ‘Analyzer’ strategy (Daft 2010, p.71) since the following term is met: the firm keeps certain parts of its strategy stable, such as the use of franchise, while other parts are continuously updated; the continuous changes on the firm’s menu are examples of this practice. Moreover, the overall strategy of the firm can be characterized as aligned with the rules of geocentrism (Culpan 2002, p.51) since key the firm’s units worldwide are considered as part of an integrate business unit, even if the method o f franchise is employed by the firm for securing global expansion. The establishment of long-term objectives is a critical part of the strategic planning process (Lussier 2008, p.123). The long – term objectives have the following characteristic: the time required for their achievement can be long, usually more than a year (Lussier 2008). In the case of Dunkin’ Brands Group the increase of the number of the firm’s units worldwide can be considered as one of the firm’s long-term objectives (2013 Annual Report, p.2). The improvement of the firm’s ‘relationship with its franchisees’ (2013 Annual Report, p.2) is another key long-term objective of Dunkin’ Brands Group. The development of an effective business strategy can require different strategic tools; the organization chart is one of these tools. The organization chart shows the business units so that existing business infrastructure can fully support daily business operations (Karami 2007, p.163). Organization chart is quite valuable

The Use of 5 Fluorouracil Pumps in Gastro-Intestinal Patients Research Paper

The Use of 5 Fluorouracil Pumps in Gastro-Intestinal Patients - Research Paper Example The authors reported a study involving 26 patients suffering from gastrointestinal cancers and other epithelial-related conditions. These subjects were administered to continuous intravenous infusion of the medication using a portable pump. From the 26 observed patients who were placed under continuous observation, four realized full remission, another four showed a partial response to the therapy. From 12 of the patients, the disease remained stable. The response rate from the study was 33%. Twenty from the total number showed significant improvement as reflected from their overall quality of life and performance status after the therapy. The information showed a 9.5 months median survival. The study showed that continuing the infusion of 5-fluorouracil results in palliative value, from patients suffering from gastrointestinal or other neoplasma condition, related to epithelial origin. In administering the therapy, the usage of portable pumps makes the model cost effective and a pra ctical outpatient model of treatment for these patients. This paper is an audit report of 5 fluorouracil (5FU) pumps as used on gastro-intestinal patients, accounting for the information given to patients and the areas of information deficiency when administering the therapy (Cascinu et al., 1999). Background information on the use of 5 fluorouracil (5FU) pumps The service evaluation was instigated by the Forever Healthy cancer support, which is a cancer support agency operating in the US and also extending its supports services and information provision to many other different regions across the world. The reasons for undertaking the service evaluation included the information gaps evident in the usage of the model, despite the fact that the area has been studied extensively. An example of the deficiencies in information includes that communicated to the patients as well as the team administering this therapy. Some of the areas of information deficiency include the lack of knowledg e on how to control the side effects resulting from the therapy. For instance, an overdose of 5-FU results in severe side effects such as neutropenia, diarrhea, and hand/foot syndrome. On the other hand, a low dosage of the medication does not produce any results or therapeutic effect. Further, there is a possibility of individual therapeutic balance existing between the benefits and the side effects expected. As a result, based on understanding of the expected benefits and the effects of this therapy on the users, the organization saw that there is a need to offer more information to the patients. Based on the better information, they will make better decision and more logical choices when using the service, as opposed to the current use – which may be affected by the lack of comprehensive information. Based on the information delivered to the users, more information on the individual-based application of the therapy, as well as the benefit-threats balance, more areas of inf ormation will be uncovered, leading to better results from the therapy. For instance, more information on the usage of the administered dosage depending on the body characteristics of the patients will be of great importance to the usage of the therapy.

Change Agent Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Change Agent - Research Paper Example I plan on becoming a change agent in my community by creating a non-profit organization to promote both recycling and alternative energy. Creating awareness starts by educating the public about the problem. Each person in the United States is currently generating 4.7 pounds of waste everyday of which 33.4% is recycled, 12.6% is burned in combustion facilities, and 54% makes it to the landfills (Recyclingfacts, 2008). The excessive amount of waste going to the landfills is hurting our environment. The government is running out of places to accumulate more trash. Some of the materials that people can recycle include paper, aluminum, plastic, and glass. The organization I will establish will gather information about all the recycling centers available within 200 miles of the community. This information will be given to every member of the community so that they can utilize the knowledge to make changes in their daily habits. People should also be aware that a lot of these recycling centers will pay people for recyclable material. Some of the basic tactics people must learn is that the different materials should be stored in separate bags. The energy crisis is hurting the pockets of all Americans. Fuel prices are rising and there seems to be no end to how high they might reach in the near future. The current price of a gallon of gasoline is $3.93 a gallon (Reuter, 2012). My organization will take the initiative of analyzing consumer reports to determine the best green cars in the market. After evaluating the alternatives I will create a list of cars that people in my community can purchase to save money on gas. The information of the cars will include the price, brand, features, technology, and most importantly fuel efficiency of each vehicle. Two of the most promising green cars in the marketplace are the Chevy Volt and the Nissan Leaf. Another important aspect of the non-profit organization will be educating the

Principle Of Wearing Gloves Nursing Essay

Principle Of Wearing Gloves Nursing Essay Gloves are mainly used for protection of hand from the contamination with organic matter and microorganisms and also wear to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms to both patients and staff. However, a decision to wear gloves including its types should be based on an assessment of the risk associated with the care activity, specific nature of the task to be undertaken and the potential for contamination with microorganisms and hazardous chemicals. Perhaps, sterile gloves are used especially for the following practices . The rationale for wearing gloves will indicate the choice of glove required. . Major indication of wearing gloves are: The choice between sterile and non-sterile gloves is based on contact with susceptible sites or clinical devices. Sterile gloves have been recommended to be worn in the following circumstances some of the reason behind wearing gloves includes: During the procedure of Surgery. Surgical wound dressings Invasive procedures, for example lumbar puncture, for immune compromised patients. Procedures requiring an aseptic technique. Insertion of invasive devices, for example urinary catheters. Sterile pharmaceutical preparations. Warm saline or water Removing dressing and cleaning wound is the most painful wound care interventions. The application of cold cleaning solutions to wounds can be unpleasant and harmful to wound healing. Different techniques and solution are being used for dressing and irrigation in practice. The use of saline or water as cleansing solutions or leaving out the cleansing step resulted in similar infection and healing rates. However, the decision to use tap water to cleanse wounds should take into account the quality of water, nature of wounds and the patients general condition. Steps of wound Assessment Assessing wound via palpation mainly for Swelling Separation of edges Lightly palpate for localized area of tenderness or drainange May need to culture drainange if present Assess for pain. The initial wound assessment takes in the big picture location, shape, and size. Location Location of the wound can give clues to the cause. For example, a sacral wound may be the result of sitting long time in the same position specially the elderly patient or patients has a weakness musculoskeletal system applying pressure on sacrum. Used anatomic land marks and language while documenting location of wound. For example, right medial malleolus is preferred to right inner ankle. Trochanter is preferred to left hip. Body diagram is useful to document wound location Shape Shape of wound also can shed light on the cause of the wound. For example, a linear wound on the posterior mid thigh of patients who uses a wheel chair could be caused by pressure from the edge of the seat. A triangular sacral or coccygeal wound could be due to shearing and pressure forces caused by movement in bed. Tracing is useful to document size for irregular shape. Follow the facility policies and procedure for tracing. Always be sure to written consent and adhere to facilitys policies and procedures if wound is photographed. Use wound film with size markings included or place a ruler in the photograph for perspective. Size Measure the wound in 3 dimension length, width and depth. Measurement should be always in centimeters. To measure length place the measuring guide at greatest length (head to toe) likely to measure the width place measuring guide at greatest width (side to side) never the less to measure depth gently insert a cotton-tipped applicator into the deepest part of the wound. Place a mark on the applicator at the level of the skin (may be the clinicians thumb and index finger or an actual ink mark on the applicator) then hold the applicator against a centimeter measuring device to determine the depth of the wound. if possible measuring the wound by the same nurse for each subsequent assessment. While measuring the wound depth, moisten sterile, cotton tipped applicator with sodium chloride solution. (Dont use a dry one, which could injure newly formed granulation tissue.) Place the applicator tip in the deepest aspect of the  wound  and measure the distance to the skin level. If the depth is uneven, measure several areas; document the range and which part of the  wound  is the deepest. Types of tissue   identify the types of tissue for example viable tissue i.e. granulation, clean non-granulating, epithelial non viable (necrotic) may also visualize muscle tendon subcutaneous in the  wound  bed, estimate how much of each is present, such as 60% granulation, 20% slough, and 20% Escher. Document the percentages on a flow sheet to allow for assessment  of  wound  healing or deterioration. Wound integrity    If  your  patient has a full thickness  wound, assess for undermining, a hollow between the skin surface and the  wound  bed that occurs when necrosis destroys the underlying tissue. On the other hand, it is a passageway within and beyond the  wound  walls or base.   Examine the  wound  for the presence of supporting structures, such as tendons or bones. Note any orthopaedic hardware and be alert for foreign bodies, such as sutures and staples, all of which increase infection risk.  Wounds  with tunnelling or undermining are especially vulnerable for retained dressings. Lastly, assess for foreign bodies, such as a forgotten suture or lint. Exudate Follow  your  facilitys guidelines for defining None, light, moderate and high amounts. Describe the exudates types as serous, serosanguineous, sanguinous or purulent. Infection can affect the color, consistency, and amount of exudate as well as cause an odour. Examine wound edges Check for the characteristics like attached, unattached, fibrotic or scarred (closed) and rolled edges (epibole). In full-thickness  wounds, particularly when undermining (tissue destruction that occurs underneath intact skin around the perimeter of the wound) is present, the edges may curl under and delay healing. A white, shiny appearance at the  wound  edges may be the result of epidermal cells migrating across the  wound  to resurface it, which signals healing. Peri wound skin Assess the skin around the  wound  for color, moisture, intactness, in duration, edema, pain, and presence of a rash, tropic skin changes, and infection. For example, the color can be pink, red, blue, pale white, or gray; in darker skin, you may note deeper skin tones. Pink usually indicates healthy skin; red may indicate friction, pressure, or beginning infection; blue or pale white is often a sign of compromised circulation. The skin surrounding a  wound  may have too much moisture (maceration), which could increase the patients risk of fungal or yeast infection. Assess the peri wound skin for primary skin lesions. Documentation Documentation is a very crucial tool for nurses to evaluate provide proper nursing care plan, support mutual relation between the health professionals or colleague, it facilitate to meet and maintain professional and legal standards. Documentation of complete wound assessment includes pertinent history related to the wound. Depending on nature of wound assessments flow sheet can be used as alternative to reduce the documentation time . A wound assessment will be performed and result in documented evidence of a type of wound and a etiology of wounding Location of wound Dimensions of wound Clinical appearance of the wound Amount and type of exudate Presence of infection, pain, odor or foreign bodies State of surrounding skin and alterations in sensation Physiological implications of wounding to the individual Psychosocial implications of wounding to the individual and significant other.. Some of the examples of documentation are like Patients care plan Observation chart Wound assessment chart FBC and Daily drain chart GCS Chart Progress notes, etc. Risk and Complications Sometimes, a large amount of fluid may leak from around the drain site, making the gauze dressing completely wet. If this happens, use soap and water to clean the area. Pain may accompany drain removal and persist after removal. Impaired wound healing may be a complication if fluid accumulates beneath the skin. Infection and injury to adjacent tissues may also occur. Occlusion of the tubing by fibrin, clots, or other particles can reduce or obstruct drainage. Infection may develop at the tubing exit site. Other complications may include breakage of the drain, difficulty in removal, inadvertent removal, pain, puckering scar, and visceral perforation. The patient may develop allergic reaction. .

Principle Of Wearing Gloves Nursing Essay

Principle Of Wearing Gloves Nursing Essay Gloves are mainly used for protection of hand from the contamination with organic matter and microorganisms and also wear to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms to both patients and staff. However, a decision to wear gloves including its types should be based on an assessment of the risk associated with the care activity, specific nature of the task to be undertaken and the potential for contamination with microorganisms and hazardous chemicals. Perhaps, sterile gloves are used especially for the following practices . The rationale for wearing gloves will indicate the choice of glove required. . Major indication of wearing gloves are: The choice between sterile and non-sterile gloves is based on contact with susceptible sites or clinical devices. Sterile gloves have been recommended to be worn in the following circumstances some of the reason behind wearing gloves includes: During the procedure of Surgery. Surgical wound dressings Invasive procedures, for example lumbar puncture, for immune compromised patients. Procedures requiring an aseptic technique. Insertion of invasive devices, for example urinary catheters. Sterile pharmaceutical preparations. Warm saline or water Removing dressing and cleaning wound is the most painful wound care interventions. The application of cold cleaning solutions to wounds can be unpleasant and harmful to wound healing. Different techniques and solution are being used for dressing and irrigation in practice. The use of saline or water as cleansing solutions or leaving out the cleansing step resulted in similar infection and healing rates. However, the decision to use tap water to cleanse wounds should take into account the quality of water, nature of wounds and the patients general condition. Steps of wound Assessment Assessing wound via palpation mainly for Swelling Separation of edges Lightly palpate for localized area of tenderness or drainange May need to culture drainange if present Assess for pain. The initial wound assessment takes in the big picture location, shape, and size. Location Location of the wound can give clues to the cause. For example, a sacral wound may be the result of sitting long time in the same position specially the elderly patient or patients has a weakness musculoskeletal system applying pressure on sacrum. Used anatomic land marks and language while documenting location of wound. For example, right medial malleolus is preferred to right inner ankle. Trochanter is preferred to left hip. Body diagram is useful to document wound location Shape Shape of wound also can shed light on the cause of the wound. For example, a linear wound on the posterior mid thigh of patients who uses a wheel chair could be caused by pressure from the edge of the seat. A triangular sacral or coccygeal wound could be due to shearing and pressure forces caused by movement in bed. Tracing is useful to document size for irregular shape. Follow the facility policies and procedure for tracing. Always be sure to written consent and adhere to facilitys policies and procedures if wound is photographed. Use wound film with size markings included or place a ruler in the photograph for perspective. Size Measure the wound in 3 dimension length, width and depth. Measurement should be always in centimeters. To measure length place the measuring guide at greatest length (head to toe) likely to measure the width place measuring guide at greatest width (side to side) never the less to measure depth gently insert a cotton-tipped applicator into the deepest part of the wound. Place a mark on the applicator at the level of the skin (may be the clinicians thumb and index finger or an actual ink mark on the applicator) then hold the applicator against a centimeter measuring device to determine the depth of the wound. if possible measuring the wound by the same nurse for each subsequent assessment. While measuring the wound depth, moisten sterile, cotton tipped applicator with sodium chloride solution. (Dont use a dry one, which could injure newly formed granulation tissue.) Place the applicator tip in the deepest aspect of the  wound  and measure the distance to the skin level. If the depth is uneven, measure several areas; document the range and which part of the  wound  is the deepest. Types of tissue   identify the types of tissue for example viable tissue i.e. granulation, clean non-granulating, epithelial non viable (necrotic) may also visualize muscle tendon subcutaneous in the  wound  bed, estimate how much of each is present, such as 60% granulation, 20% slough, and 20% Escher. Document the percentages on a flow sheet to allow for assessment  of  wound  healing or deterioration. Wound integrity    If  your  patient has a full thickness  wound, assess for undermining, a hollow between the skin surface and the  wound  bed that occurs when necrosis destroys the underlying tissue. On the other hand, it is a passageway within and beyond the  wound  walls or base.   Examine the  wound  for the presence of supporting structures, such as tendons or bones. Note any orthopaedic hardware and be alert for foreign bodies, such as sutures and staples, all of which increase infection risk.  Wounds  with tunnelling or undermining are especially vulnerable for retained dressings. Lastly, assess for foreign bodies, such as a forgotten suture or lint. Exudate Follow  your  facilitys guidelines for defining None, light, moderate and high amounts. Describe the exudates types as serous, serosanguineous, sanguinous or purulent. Infection can affect the color, consistency, and amount of exudate as well as cause an odour. Examine wound edges Check for the characteristics like attached, unattached, fibrotic or scarred (closed) and rolled edges (epibole). In full-thickness  wounds, particularly when undermining (tissue destruction that occurs underneath intact skin around the perimeter of the wound) is present, the edges may curl under and delay healing. A white, shiny appearance at the  wound  edges may be the result of epidermal cells migrating across the  wound  to resurface it, which signals healing. Peri wound skin Assess the skin around the  wound  for color, moisture, intactness, in duration, edema, pain, and presence of a rash, tropic skin changes, and infection. For example, the color can be pink, red, blue, pale white, or gray; in darker skin, you may note deeper skin tones. Pink usually indicates healthy skin; red may indicate friction, pressure, or beginning infection; blue or pale white is often a sign of compromised circulation. The skin surrounding a  wound  may have too much moisture (maceration), which could increase the patients risk of fungal or yeast infection. Assess the peri wound skin for primary skin lesions. Documentation Documentation is a very crucial tool for nurses to evaluate provide proper nursing care plan, support mutual relation between the health professionals or colleague, it facilitate to meet and maintain professional and legal standards. Documentation of complete wound assessment includes pertinent history related to the wound. Depending on nature of wound assessments flow sheet can be used as alternative to reduce the documentation time . A wound assessment will be performed and result in documented evidence of a type of wound and a etiology of wounding Location of wound Dimensions of wound Clinical appearance of the wound Amount and type of exudate Presence of infection, pain, odor or foreign bodies State of surrounding skin and alterations in sensation Physiological implications of wounding to the individual Psychosocial implications of wounding to the individual and significant other.. Some of the examples of documentation are like Patients care plan Observation chart Wound assessment chart FBC and Daily drain chart GCS Chart Progress notes, etc. Risk and Complications Sometimes, a large amount of fluid may leak from around the drain site, making the gauze dressing completely wet. If this happens, use soap and water to clean the area. Pain may accompany drain removal and persist after removal. Impaired wound healing may be a complication if fluid accumulates beneath the skin. Infection and injury to adjacent tissues may also occur. Occlusion of the tubing by fibrin, clots, or other particles can reduce or obstruct drainage. Infection may develop at the tubing exit site. Other complications may include breakage of the drain, difficulty in removal, inadvertent removal, pain, puckering scar, and visceral perforation. The patient may develop allergic reaction. .